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      Estudo das fraturas peritrocanterianas instáveis do fêmur tratadas com haste céfalo-diafisária bloqueada: técnica minimamente invasiva Translated title: Study of femur unstable peritrochanteric fractures treated with blocked cephalodiaphyseal shaft: a minimally invasive technique

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          Abstract

          Sessenta e cinco pacientes com fraturas peritrocanterianas instáveis foram tratados cirurgicamente com fixação intramedular céfalo-diafisária bloqueada (sistema minimamente invasivo). Realizou-se redução fechada em mesa de tração com utilização da radioscopia. Carga parcial assistida foi encorajada a partir do segundo dia pós-operatório. Em todos os pacientes estudados, foi obtida consolidação entre 12 e 18 semanas (média de 14.5 semanas), sendo observados seis casos (9,2%) de consolidação viciosa, quatro (6,1%) de encurtamento do membro (<1cm), três (4,6%) de migração do parafuso de compressão para o acetábulo e um caso (1,5%) de fratura intra-operatória da cortical lateral do fêmur. Cinco pacientes (7.6%) apresentaram trombose venosa profunda (TVP) distal sem repercussões clínicas. Não foi constatada infecção superficial ou profunda até a data da última revisão. Nos três casos de migração proximal do parafuso de compressão, o sistema foi retirado sem intercorrências. Concluímos ser a metodologia utilizada eficaz, segura, de baixa morbidade, técnica rápida, com poucas complicações e que propicia a reabilitação precoce do paciente.

          Translated abstract

          Sixty five patients with unstable peritrochanteric fractures were surgically treated with blocked intramedullary cephalodiaphyseal fixation (minimally invasive system). Closed reduction in traction table was performed with radioscopy. Assisted partial load was encouraged after the second postoperative day. In all examined patients, healing was achieved within 12 to 18 weeks (average 14.5 weeks). Complications were seen in six cases (9.2%) with vicious union, four cases (6.1%) with shortening of the limb (<1cm), three cases (4.6%) with compression screw migration to acetabulum, and one case (1.5%) with intraoperative fracture of the lateral femur cortical. Five patients (7.6%) presented with distal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) with no clinical repercussion. No superficial or deep infection was seen up to the last review. In the three cases of proximal migration of the compression screw, system was removed without intercurrences. We concluded that the methodology employed here is efficient, safe, with low morbidity potential. It is a fast technique, presenting little complications, promoting an early rehabilitation for the patient.

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          Implant-related fractures of the femur following hip fracture surgery.

          Most hip fractures are treated surgically, with use of either internal fixation or prosthetic replacement of the femoral head. The presence of these implants increases the risk of a later femoral fracture in susceptible osteoporotic patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of and risk factors for implant-related fractures of the femur after previous hip fracture surgery. Over a ten-year period from January 1988 to December 1997, 6230 patients (median age, eighty-two years; male:female ratio, 1247:4983) who sustained a total of 6696 hip fractures were admitted to the Edinburgh Orthopaedic Trauma Unit. Demographic information on the patients and details of the original treatment of the hip fracture were prospectively coded and entered into a trauma database. All subsequent readmissions due to a femoral fracture related to the implant were prospectively audited and extracted for the purposes of this study. One hundred and forty-one patients sustained an ipsilateral fracture of the femur at a median of twenty-four weeks following the original hip fracture surgery. Survivorship analysis of the hip fracture population revealed an overall rate of subsequent femoral fracture of 2.9% at five years, which increased to 5.1% at ten years. The median age and gender distribution of the patients who sustained a subsequent femoral fracture were similar to those of the hip fracture population as a whole. Two-thirds of the fractures propagated from the tip of the implant. Analysis of the subsequent fractures according to the type of implant used to treat the original fracture revealed considerable differences in incidence. The incidence was relatively high in the patients initially treated with a Gamma nail (18.74 fractures per 1000 person-years) or a cementless hemiarthroplasty (11.72 per 1000 person-years) and was relatively low in those treated with a compression hip screw (4.46 per 1000 person-years), cannulated screws (4.50 per 1000 person-years), or a primary arthroplasty with cement (6.2 per 1000 person-years). The highest incidence of fracture was seen in the patients who had required an arthroplasty with cement as a revision procedure following failure of a primary implant (22.39 per 1000 person-years). Implant-related fractures following hip fracture surgery are more common than has previously been appreciated. The risk of later ipsilateral femoral fracture is increased by the use of a Gamma nail or a cementless hemiarthroplasty to treat the original hip fracture.
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            Early experience with the gamma interlocking nail for peritrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur.

            Surgical fixation, early weight-bearing, and bony union remain a challenge in the treatment of peritrochanteric femur fractures, especially if the fractures are comminuted or unstable. Preliminary experience with the Gamma locking nail, a short intramedullary nail connected to a sliding compression screw augmented with distal locking screws, is presented. In a consecutive series of 29 patients, all fractures were adequately reduced and immediate weight-bearing was begun regardless of fracture configuration (13/27 fractures classified as unstable). Twenty-seven patients were reviewed at 6 months. At follow-up, all patients continued to be ambulatory and all fractures healed. Major complications included screw migration in the femoral head (two patients), difficulty in securely placing the distal screws (eight patients), and a femoral shaft fracture through the distal locking screws following a fall. The technical problems inherent in the device and its instrumentation are discussed. In this early experience, the Gamma nail appears to allow for early patient ambulation regardless of the fracture configuration with excellent clinical results.
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              A biomechanical evaluation of the long stem intramedullary hip screw.

              Despite the advantages associated with short-stem intramedullary hip screw devices for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures, recent reports have shown an increased incidence of femoral shaft fractures after their insertion. These findings led to the hypothesis that an intramedullary hip screw with a longer stem may more effectively redistribute loads to the distal end of the femoral shaft, where they may be more readily absorbed by the increased bony cross-sectional area. To characterize the load patterns of a long-stem device in the femur, 10 fresh-frozen adult femurs were instrumented with unidirectional strain gauges. A total of eight strain gauges were placed in the direction of principal femoral strains on the medial and lateral surfaces of each femur. Each femur was held in a steel vice at 15 degrees of adduction in the coronal plane and vertical in the sagittal plane. The femurs were then subjected to successively increasing vertically applied compressive loads from 0 N to 1,400 N at 200-N increments using a servohydraulic testing machine. Strain values were recorded at each load after a 5-min equilibration period. Each femur was tested under five conditions: (a) intact, (b) after insertion of the long-stem intramedullary hip screw device, (c) with an experimentally created two-part fracture, (d) with a stable four-part fracture, and (e) with an unstable four-part fracture with the posteromedial fragment removed. Half the femurs were randomly assigned to have two distal interlocking screws placed before fracture. The remaining half were loaded without distal interlocking screws.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aob
                Acta Ortopédica Brasileira
                Acta ortop. bras.
                ATHA EDITORA (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1413-7852
                1809-4406
                2005
                : 13
                : 3
                : 153-155
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia
                [01] orgnameFaculdade de Medicina do ABC
                [02] orgnameHospital Bandeirantes de São Paulo orgdiv1Centro de Traumatologia e Ortopedia
                Article
                S1413-78522005000300011 S1413-7852(05)01300311
                6f8433dd-1b3a-452c-b28e-dc5eba8d17fe

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 January 2005
                : 15 March 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 9, Pages: 3
                Categories
                Artigo de Atualização

                Femur,Fracture fixation system,Peritrochanteric fractures,Surgery,Adult,Elderly,Fêmur,Fixação de fratura,Fraturas peritrocanterianas,Cirurgia,Adulto,Idoso

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