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      Assessment of hemagglutination activity of porcine deltacoronavirus

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          Abstract

          Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus that causes diarrhea in piglets. However, the biological characteristics of PDCoV are unclear. In this study, the hemagglutination (HA) abilities of two PDCoV strains (CH-01 and HNZK-04) were investigated. Our results showed that PDCoV has the ability to agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes after virion pretreatment with trypsin or neuraminidase. Additionally, the HA assay results showed a significant positive correlation with the infectious viral titer. Our results suggest that assessing the HA activity of PDCoV may be a useful diagnostic method for investigating and surveilling PDCoV infections.

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          Isolation and characterization of porcine deltacoronavirus from pigs with diarrhea in the United States.

          Hui Hu, Kwonil Jung, Anastasia N. Vlasova … (2015)
          Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel coronavirus that causes diarrhea in nursing piglets. Following its first detection in the United States in February 2014, additional PDCoV strains have been identified in the United States and Canada. Currently, no treatments or vaccines for PDCoV are available. In this study, U.S. PDCoV strain OH-FD22 from intestinal contents of a diarrheic pig from Ohio was isolated in swine testicular (ST) and LLC porcine kidney (LLC-PK) cell cultures by using various medium additives. We also isolated PDCoV [OH-FD22(DC44) strain] in LLC-PK cells from intestinal contents of PDCoV OH-FD22 strain-inoculated gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs. Cell culture isolation and propagation were optimized, and the isolates were serially propagated in cell culture for >20 passages. The full-length S and N genes were sequenced to study PDCoV genetic changes after passage in Gn pigs and cell culture (passage 11 [P11] and P20). Genetically, the S and N genes of the PDCoV isolates were relatively stable during the first 20 passages in cell culture, with only 5 nucleotide changes, each corresponding to an amino acid change. The S and N genes of our sequenced strains were genetically closely related to each other and to other U.S. PDCoV strains, with the highest sequence similarity to South Korean strain KNU14-04. This is the first report describing cell culture isolation, serial propagation, and biological and genetic characterization of cell-adapted PDCoV strains. The information presented in this study is important for the development of diagnostic reagents, assays, and potential vaccines against emergent PDCoV strains.
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            Porcine deltacoronavirus: Overview of infection dynamics, diagnostic methods, prevalence and genetic evolution

            Jianqiang Zhang (2016)
            Highlights • PDCoV infection dynamics and appropriate sample collection are reviewed. • Virological methods for PDCoV detection are discussed. • Serological methods for PDCoV detection are discussed. • Global prevalence of PDCoV in swine population is described. • Genetic analyses of global PDCoV are discussed.
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              Cellular entry of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

              Wentao Li, Frank van Kuppeveld, Qigai He … (2016)
              Highlights • An overview of the interactions of PEDV and its target cells during the initial stage of infection. • A description of the multidomain structure of the spike (S) protein. • A summary of observations on aminopeptidase N as the PEDV protein receptor. • An overview with new data on the significance of the N-terminal S domain in sialic acid binding. • A summary of the requirements for proteolytic activation of the fusion function of the S protein.
              Article 0 comments Cited 73 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Vet. Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JVS
                Title: Journal of Veterinary Science
                Publisher: The Korean Society of Veterinary Science
                ISSN (Print): 1229-845X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1976-555X
                Publication date (Print): January 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 December 2019
                Volume: 21
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: e12
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
                [2 ]Key Laboratory for Animal-derived Food Safety of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Hui Hu. Henan Agricultural University, 63# Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China. huhui2001@ 123456163.com

                †These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4959-4167
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3599-7950
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5574-2074
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6277-5130
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-5409
                Article
                DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e12
                PMC ID: 7000906
                PubMed ID: 31940691
                SO-VID: 6fa29616-aa83-4c63-ba46-5189974bec13
                Copyright © © 2020 The Korean Society of Veterinary Science
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 16 July 2019
                Date revision received : 12 October 2019
                Date accepted : 23 October 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: National Key Research and Development Program of China;
                Award ID: 2016YFD0500102-1
                Award ID: 2018YFD0500100
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, CrossRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 31772773
                Award ID: U1704231
                Categories
                Subject: Rapid Communication
                Subject: Immunology

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine
                Keywords: porcine deltacoronavirus,hemagglutination,trypsin,neuraminidase
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine
                Keywords: porcine deltacoronavirus, hemagglutination, trypsin, neuraminidase

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