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      Estudio genómico de la Quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd): Técnicas de secuenciación e identificación genómica. Una revision. Translated title: Genomic study of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd): Sequencing techniques and genomic identification. A review.

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción . La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), es considerado uno de los alimentos más completos debido a su alto contenido en ácidos grasos, oligoelementos y proteínas ricas en aminoácidos esenciales; sin embargo, también posee metabolitos con propiedades anti nutricionales (saponinas) que deben ser eliminados antes de su consumo. Algunos estudios realizados en el genoma de la quinua, se han basado en la identificación de genes involucrados en la producción de saponinas para inhibir su expresión y evitar los tratamientos de pos cosecha (escarificado). Objetivo . Establecer, mediante revisión bibliográfica, las técnicas de biología molecular aplicadas a la expresión genómica de saponinas en quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Métodos . La revisión bibliográfica, se realizó tomando en cuenta varias fuentes de información, entre ellas: tesis doctorales, artículos científicos, libros y algunas plataformas WEB (www.bbc.com, www.fao.org, www.sidalc.net y https://biología.laguía2000.com) con principal interés en: genoma de la quinua, técnicas de secuenciación, genes identificados y su posterior expresión génica. Conclusiones . El descubrimiento del genoma completo de la quinua en el año 2017, aplicando la técnica SMTR u otras técnicas como la pirosecuenciación, fue el punto de partida para el estudio de genes que le proporciona su adaptabilidad a varias condiciones bióticas y abióticas. De esta manera, en relación a los factores abióticos, se documentó en dos oportunidades que la expresión génica de saponinas, estaba relacionada con genes del citocromo P450 y enzimas como las glucosil transferasas. Ahora bien, aunque los genes involucrados en la respuesta a los agentes bióticos aún no están identificados, este se mantiene como hipótesis relacionándose con el contenido de saponinas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction . Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), is considered one of the most complete foods due to its high content of fatty acids, trace elements and proteins rich in essential amino acids; However, it also has metabolites with anti-nutritional properties (saponins) that must be eliminated before consumption. Some studies carried out on the quinoa genome have been based on the identification of genes involved in the production of saponins to inhibit their expression and avoid post-harvest treatments (scarification). Objective . To establish, through bibliographic review, the molecular biology techniques applied to the genomic expression of saponins in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Methods . The bibliographic review was carried out taking into account several sources of information, among them: doctoral theses, scientific articles, books and some WEB platforms (www.bbc.com, www.fao.org, www.sidalc.net and https://biología.laguía2000.com) with main interest in: quinoa genome, sequencing techniques, identified genes and their subsequent gene expression. Conclusions . The discovery of the complete genome of quinoa in 2017, applying the SMTR technique or other techniques such as pyrosequencing, was the starting point for the study of genes that provide its adaptability to various biotic and abiotic conditions. Thus, in relation to abiotic factors, it was reported on two occasions that the gene expression of saponins was related to cytochrome P450 genes and enzymes such as glucosyl transferases. Although the genes involved in the response to biotic agents have not yet been identified, this remains a hypothesis related to the content of saponins.

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          Most cited references36

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          DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors

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            The genome of Chenopodium quinoa

            Constructing a reference genome for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) allows for genetic diversity during the evolution of sub-genomes in quinoa to be characterized and markers that may be used to develop sweet commercial varieties are identified.
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              Single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing comes of age: applications and utilities for medical diagnostics

              Abstract Short read massive parallel sequencing has emerged as a standard diagnostic tool in the medical setting. However, short read technologies have inherent limitations such as GC bias, difficulties mapping to repetitive elements, trouble discriminating paralogous sequences, and difficulties in phasing alleles. Long read single molecule sequencers resolve these obstacles. Moreover, they offer higher consensus accuracies and can detect epigenetic modifications from native DNA. The first commercially available long read single molecule platform was the RS system based on PacBio's single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology, which has since evolved into their RSII and Sequel systems. Here we capsulize how SMRT sequencing is revolutionizing constitutional, reproductive, cancer, microbial and viral genetic testing.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcfb
                Revista CON-CIENCIA
                Rev.Cs.Farm. y Bioq
                Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2310-0265
                June 2022
                : 10
                : 1
                : 54-71
                Affiliations
                [1] orgname
                Article
                S2310-02652022000100054 S2310-0265(22)01000100054
                10.53287/owrp5412ir44z
                6fb879e6-6e20-4ec5-8009-34c57111eb88

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 April 2022
                : 09 June 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 18
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE ESTUDIANTES

                expresión génica,gene expression,sequencing techniques,saponins,quinoa,quinua,saponinas,técnicas de secuenciación

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