A progressive approach for the use of occlusal devices in the management of temporomandibular disorders.

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a broad spectrum of conditions associated with the temporomandibular joints and the neuromuscular system. Evidence-based diagnostic criteria for various TMDs are emerging, while corresponding treatment procedures remain less clear. As a result, the clinician may be uncertain how to best care for TMD patients. The objectives of this evidence-based review were to outline the various types of occlusal devices, assess the efficacy of occlusal splints in treating TMD patients, and create a treatment rubric based on diagnostic criteria and condition severity. A select literature review as to the effectiveness and efficacy of occlusal device TMD therapy revealed that stabilization splint intervention and control treatments had a positive effect in reducing TMD-related symptoms; minimal statistically significant differences were noted between intervention and control treatments. Stabilization splints are effective as a reversible treatment for patients with TMD. Other therapies and occlusal devices may be beneficial when used for a specific TMD diagnostic protocol. A treatment rubric based on diagnostic criteria and condition severity may assist the clinician.