Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Korean version of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED)

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Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) on a sample of Korean youths and to examine the cross-cultural differences in adolescents’ anxiety.

Methods

Our study included 147 adolescents (ages 12–17, 92 girls), 93 with major depressive disorder and 54 as controls. Participants were evaluated using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), SCARED, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavioral Disorder Scale (DBD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). Pearson’s r and Cronbach’s α values of the SCARED were calculated, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted.

Results

The Korean SCARED scores were correlated with the total anxiety scores of K-SADS-PL ( r = 0.74) and the CBCL anxious/depressed subscale scores ( r = 0.35). Results showed a five-factor structure with good internal consistency, in which some items were loaded on different factors compared to previous studies.

Conclusions

The Korean SCARED demonstrated promising psychometric properties, and could be a valid scale for screening anxiety symptoms in primary care. The fact that different items comprised the factors may reflect the cultural difference between United States and Korea in experiencing anxiety.

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Most cited references 36

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Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement.

Ronald C Kessler, Shelli Avenevoli, E. Jane Costello … (2012)

Community epidemiological data on the prevalence and correlates of adolescent mental disorders are needed for policy planning purposes. Only limited data of this sort are available. To present estimates of 12-month and 30-day prevalence, persistence (12-month prevalence among lifetime cases and 30-day prevalence among 12-month cases), and sociodemographic correlates of commonly occurring DSM-IV disorders among adolescents in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. The National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement is a US national survey of DSM-IV anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders among US adolescents based on face-to-face interviews in the homes of respondents with supplemental parent questionnaires. Dual-frame household and school samples of US adolescents. A total of 10,148 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years (interviews) and 1 parent of each adolescent (questionnaires). The DSM-IV disorders assessed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview and validated with blinded clinical interviews based on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children. Good concordance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥0.80) was found between Composite International Diagnostic Interview and Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children diagnoses. The prevalence estimates of any DSM-IV disorder are 40.3% at 12 months (79.5% of lifetime cases) and 23.4% at 30 days (57.9% of 12-month cases). Anxiety disorders are the most common class of disorders, followed by behavior, mood, and substance disorders. Although relative disorder prevalence is quite stable over time, 30-day to 12-month prevalence ratios are higher for anxiety and behavior disorders than mood or substance disorders, suggesting that the former are more chronic than the latter. The 30-day to 12-month prevalence ratios are generally lower than the 12-month to lifetime ratios, suggesting that disorder persistence is due more to episode recurrence than to chronicity. Sociodemographic correlates are largely consistent with previous studies. Among US adolescents, DSM-IV disorders are highly prevalent and persistent. Persistence is higher for adolescents than among adults and appears to be due more to recurrence than chronicity of child-adolescent onset disorders.

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Three traditional and three new childhood anxiety questionnaires: their reliability and validity in a normal adolescent sample.

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The current study examined the psychometrics of three traditional [i.e., the trait anxiety version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and the Fear Survey Schedule for Children - Revised (FSSC-R)] and three new childhood anxiety scales [the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS)] in a large sample of normal adolescents (N=521). Childhood anxiety scales were generally found to be reliable in terms of internal consistency. Furthermore, evidence was obtained for the convergent and divergent validity of the various anxiety questionnaires. That is, anxiety questionnaire scores were found to be substantially intercorrelated. Particularly strong associations were found between total scores of the STAIC and the RCMAS, total scores of the SCARED and the SCAS, and between subscales that intend to measure specific categories of anxiety symptoms. Childhood anxiety questionnaires were substantially connected to an index of depression, although correlations among anxiety questionnaires were generally higher than those between anxiety scales and a measure of depression.

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Correspondence between adolescent report and parent report of psychiatric diagnostic data.

C Cantwell, Corrine J. Seeley, Peter P. Rohde … (1997)

To examine the degree of agreement between parent and adolescent report of major psychiatric disorders in the adolescent (14 to 18 years of age). A total of 281 parent-adolescent pairs were interviewed separately regarding psychopathology in the adolescent. The kappa values for parent-adolescent agreement on the disorders ranged from .19 for alcohol abuse/dependence to .79 for conduct disorder, with an average kappa of .42. Excellent agreement was found for conduct disorder and the core symptom of anorexia; good agreement was found for separation anxiety disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, substance abuse/dependence, and the core symptom for bulimia; poor agreement was found for major depression, dysthymia, anxiety disorders other than separation anxiety, alcohol abuse/dependence, and the infrequent core symptoms of bipolar and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Parent-adolescent agreement was not influenced by gender, current adolescent age, parental education level, disorder onset age, or severity of disorder. For detecting cases of adolescent psychopathology, there are clear advantages to the current consensus position that combines adolescent and parent report, especially for externalizing disorders. However, if forced to choose one informant, assessing the adolescent will result in the detection of more diagnosed cases.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Jae-Won Kim: snuh.may@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Psychiatry

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Psychiatry

Title: BMC Psychiatry

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-244X

Publication date (Electronic): 28 February 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 28 February 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 20

Electronic Location Identifier: 89

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.31501.36, ISNI 0000 0004 0470 5905, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, , Seoul National University College of Medicine, ; 103 Daehak-Ro, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea

[2 ]GRID grid.411982.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0705 4288, Department of Psychiatry, , Dankook University College of Medicine, ; Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea

[3 ]GRID grid.412482.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0484 7305, Integrative Care Hub, , Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, ; Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea

[4 ]GRID grid.412479.d, Department of Psychiatry, , Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, ; Seoul, 07061 Republic of Korea

[5 ]GRID grid.413897.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0624 2238, Department of Psychiatry, Korea Armed Forces Capital Hospital, ; Bundang, Republic of Korea

Article

Publisher ID: 2505

DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02505-3

PMC ID: 7049176

PubMed ID: 32111188

SO-VID: 7062c712-4cb0-45d8-ac87-422b3572e4ab

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 16 September 2019

Date accepted : 20 February 2020

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003621, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning;

Award ID: NRF-2015R1A2A2A01004501

Award Recipient : Jae-Won Kim

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002551, Seoul National University;

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry

Keywords: scared,validity,reliability,factor structures,anxiety disorder

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry

Keywords: scared, validity, reliability, factor structures, anxiety disorder

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Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Korean version of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED)

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Abstract

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Most cited references 36

Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement.

Three traditional and three new childhood anxiety questionnaires: their reliability and validity in a normal adolescent sample.

Correspondence between adolescent report and parent report of psychiatric diagnostic data.

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