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      Review of the Trifolium amabile Complex in Peru, with the Description of a New Species

      research-article
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      Scientifica
      Hindawi Publishing Corporation

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          Abstract

          Here, we describe Trifolium absconditum sp. nov., a new species of the T. amabile complex from South America. It differs from other Peruvian Trifolia of the complex by having smaller stipules, leaves, inflorescences, and floral pieces. A key for Peruvian species of the complex is presented, and typifications for them are made when necessary and material is available in Peruvian herbaria. Thus, the number of Peruvian species in the complex is elevated to three: T. amabile, T. absconditum, and a resurrected T. peruvianum. Finally, it is suggested that Chile must be excluded from the distribution of this complex.

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          Most cited references22

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          Molecular phylogenetics of the clover genus (Trifolium--Leguminosae).

          Trifolium, the clover genus, is one of the largest genera of the legume family. We conducted parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnL intron sequences obtained from 218 of the ca. 255 species of Trifolium, representatives from 11 genera of the vicioid clade, and an outgroup Lotus. We confirm the monophyly of Trifolium, and propose a new infrageneric classification of the genus based on the phylogenetic results. Incongruence between the nrDNA and cpDNA results suggests five to six cases of apparent hybrid speciation, and identifies the putative progenitors of the allopolyploids T. dubium, a widespread weed, and T. repens, the most commonly cultivated clover species. Character state reconstructions confirm 2n=16 as the ancestral chromosome number in Trifolium, and infer a minimum of 19 instances of aneuploidy and 22 of polyploidy in the genus. The ancestral life history is hypothesized to be annual in subgenus Chronosemium and equivocal in subgenus Trifolium. Transitions between the annual and perennial habit are common. Our results are consistent with a Mediterranean origin of the genus, probably in the Early Miocene. A single origin of all North and South American species is hypothesized, while the species of sub-Saharan Africa may originate from three separate dispersal events.
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            A catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants of Bolivia.

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              Flora of Peru, Leguminosae

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Scientifica (Cairo)
                Scientifica (Cairo)
                SCIENTIFICA
                Scientifica
                Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                2090-908X
                2016
                5 April 2016
                : 2016
                : 5435781
                Affiliations
                “Augusto Weberbauer” Herbarium, Academic Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, La Molina National Agrarian University, Lima, Peru
                Author notes
                *Eduardo Antonio Molinari-Novoa: 20090095@ 123456lamolina.edu.pe

                Academic Editor: Graziella Berta

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-1211
                Article
                10.1155/2016/5435781
                4835677
                27127681
                70e7c47b-b58e-4581-a99b-cb7693d6d18e
                Copyright © 2016 Eduardo Antonio Molinari-Novoa.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 2 December 2015
                : 5 March 2016
                : 22 March 2016
                Categories
                Research Article

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