For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
17
views
50
references
 Top references
cited by
4
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      315
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      S-Amlodipine: An Isomer with Difference—Time to Shift from Racemic Amlodipine

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Calcium channel blockers are among the first-line drugs for treatment of hypertension (HTN). S-amlodipine (S-AM), an S-enantiomer of amlodipine, is available in India and in other countries like China, Korea, Russia, Ukraine, and Nepal. Being clinically researched for nearly two decades, we performed in-depth review of S-AM. This review discusses clinical evidence from total 42 studies (26 randomized controlled trials, 14 observational studies, and 2 meta-analyses) corroborating over 7400 patients treated with S-AM. Efficacy and safety of S-AM in HTN in comparison to racemic amlodipine, used as monotherapy and in combination with other antihypertensives, efficacy in angina, and pleiotropic benefits with S-AM, are discussed in this review.

          Related collections

          Most cited references50

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The epidemiology of blood pressure and its worldwide management.

          Kazem Rahimi, Connor Emdin, Stephen MacMahon (2015)
          Despite the vast amount of evidence on the benefits of blood pressure lowering accumulated to date, elevated blood pressure is still the leading risk factor for disease and disability worldwide. The purpose of this review is to summarize the epidemiological evidence underpinning the association between blood pressure and a range of conditions. This review focuses on the association between systolic and diastolic blood pressures and the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. Evidence for and against the existence of a J-shaped curve association between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk, and differences in the predictive power of systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure, are described. In addition, global and regional trends in blood pressure levels and management of hypertension are reviewed.
          Article 0 comments Cited 76 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Paradoxical release of nitric oxide by an L-type calcium channel antagonist, the R+ enantiomer of amlodipine.

            Thomas H Hintze, W. Loke, S Chahwala … (2002)
            Amlodipine is a mixture of two enantiomers, one having L-type channel blocking activity (S-) and the other about 1,000-fold weaker activity and of little known other activity (R+). To determine whether the R+ enantiomer releases nitric oxide, the ability of amlodipine, its enantiomers, and nitrendipine to release nitric oxide in isolated coronary microvessels and to regulate cardiac tissue oxygen consumption via nitric oxide release was studied in vitro. Amlodipine and the R+ enantiomer released nitric oxide in a concentration-dependent fashion, increasing nitrite release from coronary microvessels by 57 +/- 12 and 45 +/- 5 pmol/mg/20 min at 10(-6) M (p < 0.05 from control). Nitrite release was entirely blocked by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and HOE-140, a B2-kinin receptor antagonist. The S- enantiomer had no effect on nitrite release at any concentration. Amlodipine and the R+ enantiomer also reduced oxygen consumption in canine cardiac tissue in vitro and this was in an L-NAME-blockable manner. The S- enantiomer of amlodipine had no effect. This study shows that the R+ enantiomer of amlodipine is responsible for the release of nitric oxide and not the S- enantiomer (the L-type calcium channel blocking portion of amlodipine). Interestingly, nitric oxide release is dependent on the production of kinins because it is blocked by HOE-140. This study defines a potentially important property by which calcium channel blockers may release nitric oxide and may contribute to their use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
            Article 0 comments Cited 14 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Tolerability and effectiveness of (S)-amlodipine compared with racemic amlodipine in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

              Fang Liu, Meng Qiu, Suo-Di Zhai (2010)
              Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker prescribed for the management of angina and hypertension. As a racemic mixture, amlodipine contains (R)- and (S)-amlodipine isomers, but only (S)-amlodipine as the active moiety possesses therapeutic activity. Based on pharmacologic research, it remains uncertain if (S)-amlodipine alone has similar efficacy and fewer associated adverse events (AEs) compared with the racemic mixtures.
              Article 0 comments Cited 9 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Jamshed Dalal:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7571-5674
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Hypertens
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Hypertens
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJHY
                Title: International Journal of Hypertension
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2090-0384
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-0392
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 May 2018
                Volume: 2018
                Electronic Location Identifier: 8681792
                Affiliations
                1Centre for Cardiac Sciences, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India
                2Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi, India
                3Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, India
                4Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India
                5Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
                6Department of Cardiology, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
                7B M Birla Heart Research Centre, Kolkata, India
                8NRS Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Tomohiro Katsuya

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7571-5674
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2018/8681792
                PMC ID: 5985099
                SO-VID: 70ea27ee-f3dd-4afe-8b07-73bc5740782b
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Jamshed Dalal et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 19 November 2017
                Date accepted : 8 April 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content315

                See all similar

                Cited by4

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors666

                See all reference authors