Barreras contextuales para la participación de las personas con discapacidad física: Discapacidad y barreras contextuales

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Abstract

La discapacidad es un problema de salud pública preocupante debido al incremento que ha tenido su prevalencia en los últimos años. Recientemente han ocurrido cambios en la conceptualización de la discapacidad y se han fortalecido las políticas públicas a nivel internacional y nacional que promueven la inclusión de este grupo poblacional. Sin embargo, las personas con discapacidad física continúan experimentando barreras que dificultan su inclusión y participación en la sociedad. Los principales factores limitantes de la participación son aquellos de orden físico, político, personal y social los cuales limitan la inclusión de estas personas en escenarios relacionados con la práctica de actividad física y recreación, con las actividades laborales y con el acceso a servicios de salud y de educación. Salud UIS 2013; 45 (1): 41-51

Translated abstract

Disability is a worrying public health problem due to its increasing prevalence. Recently, the concept of disability has changed, with the strengthened of national and international public policy that promote the inclusion and participation of persons with disability. However, persons with physical disabilities continue to experience barriers that restrict their participation and inclusion into society. The main limiting factors for social inclusion are related to physical environment, policies, personals factors and social barriers that restrict the physical activity, recreation, occupational activity and accessibility to education and health services. Salud UIS 2013; 45 (1): 41-51

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Most cited references 101

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Physical activity participation among persons with disabilities: barriers and facilitators.

James H. Rimmer, Barth B Riley, Edward Wang … (2004)

The purpose of this study was to identify various barriers and facilitators associated with participation in fitness and recreation programs/facilities among persons with disabilities. Focus groups were conducted in ten regions across the United States in 2001 to 2002 with four types of participants: (1) consumers with disabilities, (2) architects, (3) fitness and recreation professionals, and (4) city planners and park district managers. Sessions were tape-recorded and content analyzed; focus group facilitators took notes of identified barriers and facilitators to access. Content analysis of tape recordings revealed 178 barriers and 130 facilitators. The following themes were identified: (1) barriers and facilitators related to the built and natural environment; (2) economic issues; (3) emotional and psychological barriers; (4) equipment barriers; (5) barriers related to the use and interpretation of guidelines, codes, regulations, and laws; (6) information-related barriers; (7) professional knowledge, education, and training issues; (8) perceptions and attitudes of persons who are not disabled, including professionals; (9) policies and procedures both at the facility and community level; and (10) availability of resources. The degree of participation in physical activity among people with disabilities is affected by a multifactorial set of barriers and facilitators that are unique to this population. Future research should utilize this information to develop intervention strategies that have a greater likelihood of success.

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Toward a common language for function, disability, and health.

Alan Jette (2006)

Within physical therapy, the disablement model has proven useful as a language to delineate the consequences of disease and injury. This perspective provides an update on the changing language of disablement, reviews selected contemporary disablement models, and discusses some challenges that need to be addressed to achieve a universal disablement language that can be used to discuss physical therapy research and clinical interventions. The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework has the potential of becoming a standard for disablement language that looks beyond mortality and disease to focus on how people live with their conditions. If widely adopted, the ICF framework could provide the rehabilitation field with a common, international language with the potential to facilitate communication and scholarly discourse across disciplines and national boundaries, to stimulate interdisciplinary research, to improve clinical care, and ultimately to better inform health policy and management.