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      Paracoccidioidomicose pulmonar: aspectos na tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução Translated title: High-resolution computed tomography findings in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis

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          Abstract

          O comprometimento pulmonar na paracoccidioidomicose é muito freqüente, podendo até ser a única manifestação da doença. Neste trabalho são analisados os aspectos encontrados nas tomografias computadorizadas de alta resolução do tórax de 30 pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose confirmada. Por meio desta análise foram determinados os achados mais comuns e suas formas de apresentação e distribuição nos pulmões. Os aspectos mais freqüentemente observados foram: espessamento esparso de septos interlobulares (96,7%), opacidades em vidro fosco (66,7%), nódulos (60%), aumento irregular do espaço aéreo (enfisema paracicatricial) (56,7%), espessamento de paredes brônquicas (46,7%), espessamento pleural (36,7%), cavidades (36,7%), dilatação da traquéia (33,3%), distorção arquitetural (30%), consolidação do espaço aéreo (30%), bandas parenquimatosas (23,3%), reticulado intralobular (13,3%) e espessamento irregular do interstício axial peri-hilar (10%). A radiografia do tórax apresenta limitada capacidade de avaliar doenças pulmonares difusas, tornando a tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução do tórax essencial para avaliação dos pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose pulmonar.

          Translated abstract

          Pulmonary disease in paracoccidioidomycosis is very common and in some cases can be the sole manifestation of the disease. We studied the findings observed in 30 patients with pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis submitted to high-resolution computed tomography in order to determine the most frequent findings, presentation patterns and distribution of paracoccidioidomycosis lesions in the lungs. The most frequent findings observed on high-resolution computed tomography were: interlobular septal thickening (96.7%), ground-glass opacities (66.7%), nodules (60%), irregular air-space enlargement (56.7%), bronchial wall thickening (46.7%), pleural thickening (36.7%), cavitation (36.7%), tracheal dilatation (33.3%), architectural distortion (30%), air-space consolidation (30%), parenchymal bands (23.3%), intralobular reticulate (13.3%) and hilar interstitial thickening (10%). Chest X-rays allow limited evaluation of diffuse pulmonary diseases, and hence high-resolution computed tomography is an essential method for studying patients with pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis.

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          Chronic pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis): high-resolution CT findings in 41 patients.

          To assess the pulmonary parenchymal findings on high-resolution CT in 41 patients with the chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis). The study included 41 consecutive patients in whom chronic paracoccidioidomycosis had been proven. All patients underwent high-resolution CT (1-mm collimation, high-spatial-frequency reconstruction algorithm) at 12 equally spaced intervals through the chest. The images were analyzed by two radiologists, and each final decision was reached by consensus. Thirty-eight (93%) of the 41 patients had CT scans with abnormal findings. The findings included interlobular septal thickening in 36 patients (88%), 1-25 mm diameter nodules in 34 (83%), peribronchovascular interstitial thickening in 32 (78%), centrilobular opacities in 26 (63%), intralobular lines in 24 (59%), ground-glass opacities in 14 (34%), cavitation in seven (17%), air-space consolidation in five (12%), traction bronchiectasis in 34 (83%), and paracicatricial emphysema in 28 (68%). In approximately 90% of patients, the abnormalities were bilateral and symmetrical and involved all lung zones. High-resolution CT findings of paracoccidioidomycosis consist predominantly of interstitial abnormalities and nodules associated with traction bronchiectasis and paracicatricial emphysema in a bilaterally symmetrical distribution.
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            Paracoccidioidomycosis and AIDS: an overview.

            The scarcity of reported cases of paracoccidioidomycosis and AIDS remains unexplained. We review the details of the 27 cases reported in the medical literature. Paracoccidioidomycosis occurs in patients with advanced AIDS who are not receiving prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which is also effective against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Clinical manifestations include prolonged fever, weight loss, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and skin rash. Diagnosis can often be made by direct microscopic examination and culture of the fungus from skin and lymph node specimens and occasionally from sputum, blood, spinal fluid, and bone marrow specimens. Since antibodies to P. brasiliensis are occasionally detected, the diagnosis should not be ruled out for patients whose serology is negative. Despite specific therapy with different regimens, the overall mortality of paracoccidioidomycosis among patients with AIDS is high (30%). The prognosis can be improved by earlier diagnosis and aggressive therapy with amphotericin B, followed by lifelong immunosuppressive therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Health care providers caring for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who live or have resided in areas in which paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic must be aware of the possibility that this systemic mycosis may occur and have potentially severe consequences.
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              Paracoccidioidomicose: estudo radiológico e pulmonar de 58 casos

              Provas funcionais respiratórias foram realizadas em 58 pacientes com Paracoccidioidomicose (Pbmicose) pulmonar uni e multifocal em 52; tumoral em 5 e genital feminino interno em 01. A idade oscilou de 20 a 74 anos e a duração da doença variou de 3 a 25 anos. Manifestações respiratórias, tegumentares e linfáticas foram predominantes. Catorze deles desenvolveram Cor pulmonale, função renal alterada em 19, modificações eletrocardiográficas em 8 e atividade hiporeatora adrenal em 13 dos 20 casos estudados. A análise radiológica revelou lesões designadas: leve em 16; moderada em 24 e grave em 18 que à evolução evidenciaram: manutenção e piora, respectivamente, em 35 e em 23 deles. As provas funcionais respiratórias mostraram: espirografia normal em 17; obstrutivo em 32 e misto em 9 doentes. O espaço morto foi superior a 35% em 25 e a ventilação alveolar minuto estava elevada em 54. A diferença alvéolo-arterial de Oxigênio estava aumentada em todos. A análise estatística revelou associação significativa entre radiologia: evolução radiológica e a função pulmonar. A Pbmicose em doentes tabagistas inveterados conduziu ao enfisema, enquanto que as modificações alvéolo-arteriais anoxêmicas propiciaram a disseminação da Doença de Lutz.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rb
                Radiologia Brasileira
                Radiol Bras
                Publicação do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1678-7099
                June 2002
                : 35
                : 3
                : 147-154
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Curso de Pós-graduação em Radiologia
                [01] orgnameUFRJ orgdiv1HUCFF orgdiv2Serviço de Radiologia
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Federal Fluminense orgdiv1Departamento de Radiologia
                Article
                S0100-39842002000300005 S0100-3984(02)03500300005
                7126d0e3-6a63-452e-b059-0f3bae40632c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 8
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos

                Tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução,Pulmonary mycosis,Micoses pulmonares,High-resolution computed tomography,Paracoccidioidomycosis,Paracoccidioidomicose

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