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      Ventilación no invasiva en insuficiencia respiratoria aguda Translated title: Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure

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          Abstract

          Introducción: La ventilación no invasiva (VNI) se ha convertido en una herramienta terapéutica en insuficiencia respiratoria aguda en pediatría. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia con VNI en una unidad de paciente crítico pediátrico, e identificar factores asociados con fracaso de la modalidad. Pacientes y Método: Cohorte de pacientes que recibieron VNI en contexto de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda durante el período 2005-2007. Registro de variables clínicas y gasométricas previo y posterior a la conexión a VNI. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: Analizamos 51 eventos de VNI, 55%o en postoperatorio de cardiopatías congénitas. La principal indicación de VNI fue dificultad respiratoria post extubación (31,4%). Quince pacientes (29,4%) fracasaron, requiriendo VMC. Al realizar regresión logística univariada se encontró asociación independiente entre la Fi0(2) pre conexión y Fi0(2) posterior a la conexión a VNI, con la necesidad de VMC. Nueve porciento presentaron complicaciones. No se observó mortalidad asociada a la modalidad ventilatoria. Conclusiones: La VNI es útil en pacientes pediátricos insuficiencia respiratoria aguda y tiene un bajo riesgo de complicaciones. Las variables asociadas con fracaso de VNI son de fácil obtención e interpretación.

          Translated abstract

          Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has become a therapeutic tool for acute respiratory failure in pediatric patients. Objective: To describe NIV experience at a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, identifying factors associated to modality failure. Methods: Patients cohort who received NIV in acute respiratory failure during 2005-2007. Recolection of clinical and gasometrical variables previous and subsequent to connection to NIV. Descriptive statistic and logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: 51 events of NIV, where 55%) cases were congenital cardiopathies. NIV main indication was respiratory distress post-extubation (31.4%). 15 patients (29.4%) required CMV. In univariate logistic regression for variables, an independent association was found between Fi02 pre-connection and Fi02 subsequent to NIV connection, with necessity of CMV. 9%> presented complications and mortality was not related to ventilatory modality. Conclusions: NIV is useful in pediatric patients with acute respiratory insufficiency, with low risk of complications. The variables associated with failure are easy to obtain and interprétate.

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          Antithyroid drugs in the management of patients with Graves' disease: an evidence-based approach to therapeutic controversies.

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            Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: five years of experience in a pediatric intensive care unit.

            To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in daily clinical practice. Observational retrospective cohort study. Pediatric intensive care unit in a university hospital. : Patients treated by NPPV, regardless of the indication, during five consecutive years (2000-2004). A total of 114 patients were included, and 83 of the 114 patients (77%) were successfully treated by NPPV without intubation (NPPV success group). The success rate of NPPV was significantly lower (22%) in the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (p < .05) than in the other patients. The Pediatric Risk of Mortality II (p = .003) and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction scores (p = .002) at admission were significantly higher in patients who were unsuccessfully treated with NPPV (NPPV failure group). Baseline values of Pco2, pulse oximetry, and respiratory rate did not differ between the two groups. A significant decrease in Pco2 and respiratory rate within the first 2 hrs of NPPV was observed in the NPPV success group. Multivariate analysis showed that a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio, 76.8; 95% confidence interval, 4.4-1342; p = .003) and a high Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.17; p = .01) were independent predictive factors for NPPV failure. A total of 11 patients (9.6%), all belonging to the NPPV failure group, died during the study. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of NPPV in the daily practice of a pediatric intensive care unit. This ventilatory support could be proposed as a first-line treatment in children with acute respiratory distress, except in those with a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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              Predictive factors for the success of noninvasive mask ventilation in infants and children with acute respiratory failure.

              Noninvasive mask ventilation (NIV) is a treatment option in acute respiratory failure in adults. This study was performed to determine prognostic variables for the success of NIV in a group of infants and children with respiratory failure for a wide range of reasons. Prospective, clinical study. Multidisciplinary, neonatal-pediatric intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital. Descriptive study of infants and children 80% after 1 hr of NIV predicted nonresponse with a sensitivity of 56%, specificity of 83%, and positive and negative predictive value of 71%. NIV can be successfully applied to infants and children with acute respiratory failure in the setting of a pediatric intensive care unit. The level of Fio2 after 1 hr of NIV may be a predictive factor for the treatment success.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcp
                Revista chilena de pediatría
                Rev. chil. pediatr.
                Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría (Santiago, , Chile )
                0370-4106
                December 2008
                : 79
                : 6
                : 593-599
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameHospital Clínico Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Unidad de Paciente Crítico Pediátrica Chile
                [01] orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Pediatría Chile jrsepulv@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0370-41062008000600003 S0370-4106(08)07900603
                10.4067/S0370-41062008000600003
                720a5acc-93fa-417c-9082-5dce91780048

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 October 2008
                : 17 March 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                acute respiratory failure,insuficiencia respiratoria aguda,ventilación no invasiva,non-invasive ventilation

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