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      The chinchilla animal model for hearing science and noise-induced hearing loss

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          Abstract

          The chinchilla animal model for noise-induced hearing loss has an extensive history spanning more than 50 years. Many behavioral, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of the chinchilla make it a valuable animal model for hearing science. These include similarities with human hearing frequency and intensity sensitivity, the ability to be trained behaviorally with acoustic stimuli relevant to human hearing, a docile nature that allows many physiological measures to be made in an awake state, physiological robustness that allows for data to be collected from all levels of the auditory system, and the ability to model various types of conductive and sensorineural hearing losses that mimic pathologies observed in humans. Given these attributes, chinchillas have been used repeatedly to study anatomical, physiological, and behavioral effects of continuous and impulse noise exposures that produce either temporary or permanent threshold shifts. Based on the mechanistic insights from noise-exposure studies, chinchillas have also been used in pre-clinical drug studies for the prevention and rescue of noise-induced hearing loss. This review paper highlights the role of the chinchilla model in hearing science, its important contributions, and its advantages and limitations.

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          Hearing loss prevalence in the United States.

          Frank R Lin (2011)
          Article 0 comments Cited 173 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The role of temporal fine structure processing in pitch perception, masking, and speech perception for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired people.

            Thomas Moore (2008)
            Complex broadband sounds are decomposed by the auditory filters into a series of relatively narrowband signals, each of which can be considered as a slowly varying envelope (E) superimposed on a more rapid temporal fine structure (TFS). Both E and TFS information are represented in the timing of neural discharges, although TFS information as defined here depends on phase locking to individual cycles of the stimulus waveform. This paper reviews the role played by TFS in masking, pitch perception, and speech perception and concludes that cues derived from TFS play an important role for all three. TFS may be especially important for the ability to "listen in the dips" of fluctuating background sounds when detecting nonspeech and speech signals. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that cochlear hearing loss reduces the ability to use TFS cues. The perceptual consequences of this, and reasons why it may happen, are discussed.
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              Declining Prevalence of Hearing Loss in US Adults Aged 20 to 69 Years

              Howard J Hoffman, Robert A. Dobie, Katalin Losonczy … (2017)
              IMPORTANCE As the American population ages, effective healthcare planning requires understanding changes in hearing loss prevalence. OBJECTIVE Determine if age- and sex-specific prevalence of adult hearing loss changed during the past decade. DESIGN Analysis of 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) audiometric data compared to NHANES 1999–2004. NHANES is a cross-sectional, nationally-representative interview and examination survey of the civilian, non-institutionalized population. PARTICIPANTS A stratified random sample of 3,831 adults aged 20–69 years INTERVENTIONS Audiometry and questionnaires MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Speech-frequency hearing impairment (HI) defined by pure-tone average (PTA) of thresholds across 0.5–1–2–4 kHz greater than 25 dB hearing level (HL); high-frequency HI defined by PTA across 3–4–6 kHz >25 dB HL. Logistic regression was used to examine unadjusted, age- and sex-adjusted, and multivariable-adjusted associations with demographic, noise exposure, and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS The 2011–2012 unadjusted adult prevalence of unilateral and bilateral speech-frequency HI was 14.1%, compared to 16% for 1999–2004; after age- and sex-adjustment, the difference was significant, odds ratio (OR)=0.70 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.56–0.86). Men had nearly twice the prevalence of speech-frequency HI, 18.6% (17.8 million), compared to women, 9.6% (9.7 million). For 60–69 year-olds, speech-frequency HI prevalence was 39.3% (95% CI: 30.7%–48.7%). In multivariable analyses for bilateral speech-frequency HI, age was the major risk factor; however, men, non-Hispanic (NH) white and NH Asian race, lower educational attainment, and heavy use of firearms all had significant associations. Additional associations for high-frequency HI were Mexican-American and Other Hispanic race/ethnicity and the combination of loud and very loud noise exposure occupationally and outside of work, OR=2.4 (95% CI: 1.4–4.2). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Adult hearing loss is common and strongly associated with age and other demographic factors (sex, race/ethnicity, education). Noise exposure, which is preventable, was less strongly associated. Cardiovascular risk factors – heavy smoking, hypertension, and diabetes – were significant only in unadjusted analyses. Age- and sex-specific HI prevalence continues to decline. Despite the benefit of delayed onset of HI, hearing healthcare needs will increase as the U.S. population grows and ages.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Michael G. Heinz
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Acoust Soc Am
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Acoust. Soc. Am
                Journal ID (coden): JASMAN
                Title: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
                Publisher: Acoustical Society of America
                ISSN (Print): 0001-4966
                ISSN (Electronic): 1520-8524
                Publication date (Print): November 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 27 November 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 November 2019
                Volume: 146
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 3710-3732
                Affiliations
                School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Callier Center, The University of Texas at Dallas , 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
                Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University , 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
                Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
                Author notes
                [a)]

                Also at: Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, 715 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. Electronic mail: mheinz@ 123456purdue.edu

                Article
                Publisher ID: 1.5132950 Publisher ID: 028992JAS Publisher-manuscript ID: JASA-04194
                DOI: 10.1121/1.5132950
                PMC ID: 6881193
                PubMed ID: 31795699
                SO-VID: 72a7aba1-1ac5-40c9-b917-c4fdabc8e6c3
                Copyright © © 2019 Author(s).
                License:

                0001-4966/2019/146(5)/3710/23

                All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 20 March 2019
                Date revision received : 19 September 2019
                Date accepted : 24 September 2019
                Page count
                Pages: 23
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000055
                Award ID: R01-DC014088
                Funded by: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000055
                Award ID: R01-DC009838
                Categories
                Subject: Special Issue on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Translating Risk from Animal Models to Real-World Environments
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