Identificación de lesiones mamarias malignas en México

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Abstract

Objetivo. Evaluar la forma en que se detectan las lesiones mamarias malignas en la ciudad de México y estimar el número de pacientes que son diagnosticadas en etapas avanzadas de dicho tumor. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 256 mujeres entre 1994 y 1996, a quienes se les hizo un diagnóstico histopatológico de cáncer mamario en tres hospitales públicos de tercer nivel en la ciudad de México. Se les entrevistó personalmente y se obtuvo información acerca de sus características reproductivas, clínicas y la forma en la que fue detectado el cáncer mamario. Se calcularon porcentajes y razones de momios, con un intervalo de confianza de 95%. Resultados. El 90% de las mujeres identificaron por sí mismas la presencia de un abultamiento en el seno. Del total de las pacientes, sólo 10% fueron diagnosticadas con tumores en estadio I y 27 casos fueron identificados por el médico; estos últimos resultaron con tumores de estadios II B en adelante. Conclusiones. La situación actual sugiere que la mortalidad por cáncer mamario en la ciudad de México mantendrá su tendencia al incremento, a menos de que se logre aumentar la proporción de mujeres diagnosticadas en la etapa de los tumores in situ, para lo cual se requieren cambios en el funcionamiento de los servicios y un vasto esfuerzo educativo entre la población susceptible de desarrollar la enfermedad. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: <A HREF="http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html">http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html</A>

Translated abstract

Objective. To evaluate the modes of detection of breast malignancies in Mexico City and to estimate the number of patients diagnosed in advanced stages. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted between 1994 and 1996, among 256 women with a histological diagnosis of breast cancer, at three tertiary level public hospitals in Mexico City. Personal interviews were conducted to collect data on reproductive characteristics, clinical history, and breast cancer modes of detection. Data analysis consisted of percentages, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Results. Ninety percent of women sought medical care after identifying a breast lump by themselves. Only 10% of patients had a stage-I tumor; all 27 cases first identified by a physician were in stage II-B and higher. Conclusions. An increasing trend of breast cancer mortality in Mexico City will persist, unless a greater proportion of tumors in situ is detected; this would require enhancing breast cancer screening programs and conducting an intense educational intervention among women at risk. The English version of this paper is available at: <A HREF="http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html">http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html</A>

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Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane serum levels and breast cancer risk: a case-control study from Mexico.

A Mohar, E. Luiggi Lopez, Ligia Rueda … (1997)

Some, but not all, epidemiological studies have suggested that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) may play a role in the development of breast cancer. These investigations have been conducted in countries where this substance has been banned for at least 20 years. We conducted a study in Mexico, a country in which DDT is still being used to control malaria. In a hospital-based case-control study, we compared 141 histologically confirmed cases of breast cancer with 141 age-matched controls (+/-3 years). All subjects were identified at three referral hospitals of Mexico City between March 1994 and April 1996. Reproductive histories and other variables were obtained by structured interviews, DDT/DDE levels were determined in serum by gas-liquid chromatography. The arithmetic mean of serum DDE in lipid basis was 562.48 +/- 676.18 ppb (range, 10.24-4661.44) for the cases and 505.46 +/- 567.22 ppb (range, 0.004 to 4361.75) for the controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. The age-adjusted odds ratios for breast cancer regarding the serum level of DDE were 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.38-1.24) and 0.97 (confidence interval, 0.55-1.70) for the contrasts between tertile 1 (lowest level) and tertiles 2 and 3, respectively. These estimates were unaffected by adjustment for body mass, accumulated time of breast-feeding and menopause, and other breast cancer risk factors. These results do not lend support to the hypothesis that DDT is causally related to breast cancer at the body-burden levels found in our study population but do not exclude the possibility that higher levels of exposure could still play a role in the etiology of this tumor.