1
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Hepatitis B Virus and B-cell lymphoma: evidence, unmet need, clinical impact, and opportunities

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Nearly a billion people worldwide are infected with the hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and about a third of them have chronic infection. HBV is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, including acute and chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Screening and control of primary HBV infection through vaccination represent a major advance in global public health, but large sections of the world population, in both developed and underdeveloped countries, remain unscreened and unvaccinated. In addition to being a global cause of liver disease, an important role of HBV in lymphoma has also emerged. First, the high risk of HBV reactivation in previously infected patients receiving chemo-immunotherapy necessitates the systematic evaluation of HBV serological status in all non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) cases and preemptive antiviral therapy for those who may have chronic or occult HBV infection. Second, HBV has been shown to infect lymphocytes, namely B-cells, and has been associated with a higher risk of developing B-cell lymphoma, most clearly in countries where HBV is endemic. While the risk of HBV reactivation with chemoimmunotherapy in NHL is well known, the role and the impact of HBV as a global lymphoma risk factor and potential oncogenic driver in B-cells are very poorly understood. Here, we review the clinical and scientific evidence supporting an association between HBV and B-cell lymphoma, with a particular focus on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and provide an overview of the estimated impact of HBV infection on the biology and clinical course of DLBCL. We also discuss ways to gain a better insight into the unmet need posed by HBV in lymphoma and whether assessing immune responses to HBV, measuring viral loads, and detecting the presence of HBV-encoded proteins in tumor tissue could be integrated into the molecular and clinical risk stratification of patients with DLBCL.

          Related collections

          Most cited references77

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found
          Is Open Access

          Cancer statistics, 2022

          Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes. Incidence data (through 2018) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2019) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2022, 1,918,030 new cancer cases and 609,360 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States, including approximately 350 deaths per day from lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death. Incidence during 2014 through 2018 continued a slow increase for female breast cancer (by 0.5% annually) and remained stable for prostate cancer, despite a 4% to 6% annual increase for advanced disease since 2011. Consequently, the proportion of prostate cancer diagnosed at a distant stage increased from 3.9% to 8.2% over the past decade. In contrast, lung cancer incidence continued to decline steeply for advanced disease while rates for localized-stage increased suddenly by 4.5% annually, contributing to gains both in the proportion of localized-stage diagnoses (from 17% in 2004 to 28% in 2018) and 3-year relative survival (from 21% to 31%). Mortality patterns reflect incidence trends, with declines accelerating for lung cancer, slowing for breast cancer, and stabilizing for prostate cancer. In summary, progress has stagnated for breast and prostate cancers but strengthened for lung cancer, coinciding with changes in medical practice related to cancer screening and/or treatment. More targeted cancer control interventions and investment in improved early detection and treatment would facilitate reductions in cancer mortality.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms.

            A revision of the nearly 8-year-old World Health Organization classification of the lymphoid neoplasms and the accompanying monograph is being published. It reflects a consensus among hematopathologists, geneticists, and clinicians regarding both updates to current entities as well as the addition of a limited number of new provisional entities. The revision clarifies the diagnosis and management of lesions at the very early stages of lymphomagenesis, refines the diagnostic criteria for some entities, details the expanding genetic/molecular landscape of numerous lymphoid neoplasms and their clinical correlates, and refers to investigations leading to more targeted therapeutic strategies. The major changes are reviewed with an emphasis on the most important advances in our understanding that impact our diagnostic approach, clinical expectations, and therapeutic strategies for the lymphoid neoplasms.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Genetics and Pathogenesis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

              BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. Gene-expression profiling has identified subgroups of DLBCL (activated B-cell–like [ABC], germinal-center B-cell–like [GCB], and unclassified) according to cell of origin that are associated with a differential response to chemotherapy and targeted agents. We sought to extend these findings by identifying genetic subtypes of DLBCL based on shared genomic abnormalities and to uncover therapeutic vulnerabilities based on tumor genetics. METHODS We studied 574 DLBCL biopsy samples using exome and transcriptome sequencing, array-based DNA copy-number analysis, and targeted amplicon resequencing of 372 genes to identify genes with recurrent aberrations. We developed and implemented an algorithm to discover genetic subtypes based on the co-occurrence of genetic alterations. RESULTS We identified four prominent genetic subtypes in DLBCL, termed MCD (based on the co-occurrence of MYD88 L265P and CD79B mutations), BN2 (based on BCL6 fusions and NOTCH2 mutations), N1 (based on NOTCH1 mutations), and EZB (based on EZH2 mutations and BCL2 translocations). Genetic aberrations in multiple genes distinguished each genetic subtype from other DLBCLs. These subtypes differed phenotypically, as judged by differences in gene-expression signatures and responses to immunochemotherapy, with favorable survival in the BN2 and EZB subtypes and inferior outcomes in the MCD and N1 subtypes. Analysis of genetic pathways suggested that MCD and BN2 DLBCLs rely on “chronic active” B-cell receptor signaling that is amenable to therapeutic inhibition. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered genetic subtypes of DLBCL with distinct genotypic, epigenetic, and clinical characteristics, providing a potential nosology for precision-medicine strategies in DLBCL. (Funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health and others.)
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2400085Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/2406398Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1025743Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                URI : https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/29259Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role: Role:
                Journal
                Front Oncol
                Front Oncol
                Front. Oncol.
                Frontiers in Oncology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2234-943X
                20 October 2023
                2023
                : 13
                : 1275800
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 Department of Internal Medicine, New York University Langone Health , New York, NY, United States
                [2] 2 Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, United States
                [3] 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, United States
                [4] 4 Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, United States
                [5] 5 Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, United States
                Author notes

                Edited by: Felix Seyfried, Ulm University Medical Center, Germany

                Reviewed by: Walter Hanel, The Ohio State University, United States; Kiana Shahzamani, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

                *Correspondence: Pierluigi Porcu, pierluigi.porcu@ 123456jefferson.edu
                Article
                10.3389/fonc.2023.1275800
                10623156
                37927464
                73db164d-69a6-49a7-a21f-78bdeff42431
                Copyright © 2023 Rosenberg, Poluch, Thomas, Sindaco, Khoo and Porcu

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 10 August 2023
                : 09 October 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 79, Pages: 11, Words: 6298
                Funding
                The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
                Categories
                Oncology
                Review
                Custom metadata
                Hematologic Malignancies

                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                hepatitis b,b-cell,lymphoma,dlbcl,double hit,viral oncogenesis
                Oncology & Radiotherapy
                hepatitis b, b-cell, lymphoma, dlbcl, double hit, viral oncogenesis

                Comments

                Comment on this article