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      Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cattle of Lages Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil Translated title: Anticuerpos séricos contra Neospora caninum en rebaños lecheros de la ciudad de Lages, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

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          Abstract

          Bovines are the main intermediary host of the protozoan Neospora caninum, which is a major cause of bovine abortions and neonatal mortality worldwide. Sera were collected from 373 dairy cattle and 33 dogs on 19 dairy farms in Lages city, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, to determine the prevalence of N. caninum antibodies and risk factors. Tests for N. caninum antibodies were done using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Positive reactions with titers ≥ 1:200 (cattle) and ≥ 1:50 (dogs) were found in 86 (23.1%) and seven (21.2%) bovines and dogs, respectively. Of the bovines, four (1.1%) were calves, 33 (8.8%) were heifers, 314 (84.2%) were lactating cows, 19 (5.1%) were dry cows and three (0.8%) were bulls. Infection was primarily found in animals with low milk production (P = 0.008). The presence of seropositive dogs on the properties did not affect the prevalence of bovine infection. No correlation between bovine reproductive disorders and the prevalence of N. caninum antibodies was observed. Our results showed that N. caninum infection is widespread among dairy cattle of Lages, Santa Catarina.

          Translated abstract

          Los bovinos son los principales hospederos intermediarios del coccidio Neospora caninum. En esta especie se concentran la mayoría de los daños reproductivos. A fin de determinar la prevalencia de N. caninum e identificar factores de riesgo para la infección en el ganado lechero de la ciudad de Lages, Estado de Santa Catarina, se tomaron muestras de sangre de bovinos (n = 373) y los perros (n = 33) en 19 propiedades. La detección de anticuerpos contra N. caninum fue realizada por medio de IFA. Fueron consideradas positivas las muestras con títulos ≥ 200 (ganado bovino) y ≥ 50 (perros). Informaciones relacionadas con la categoría de los animales, la raza, la frecuencia y tipo de trastornos de la reproducción, la producción de leche y la presencia de los perros fueron obtenidos mediante un cuestionario. Los datos fueron analizados con la prueba exacta de Fisher y χ² (P ≤ 0,05). De las muestras de ganado y canino evaluados, 86 (23,1%) y 7 (21,2%) fueron positivas a N. caninum, respectivamente. Se encontró correlación entre los animales con baja producción y la seropositividad a N. caninum (P = 0,003). La presencia de perros positivos en las propiedades no representa un factor de riesgo de positividad en el ganado vacuno. No se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre trastornos reproductivos con la aparición de anticuerpos contra N. caninum en bovinos evaluados. Los resultados obtenidos indican que N. caninum está presente en el ganado lechero de la ciudad de Lages, Santa Catarina.

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          A review of Neospora caninum and neosporosis.

          Neospora caninum is a recently recognized protozoan parasite of animals, which until 1988 was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Its life cycle is unknown. Transplacental transmission is the only recognized mode of transmission. It has a wide host range, but its zoonotic potential is unknown. Neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle in many countries. It is also an important cause of neuromuscular paralysis in dogs. This paper reviews information on parasite structure, life cycle, biology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and control.
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            Pathogenesis of bovine neosporosis.

            The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is a major pathogen of cattle and dogs, being a significant cause of abortion in cattle in many countries. It is one of the most efficiently transmitted parasites, with up to 90% of cattle infected in some herds. The pathogenesis of abortion due to Neospora is complex and only partially understood. Losses occur after a primary infection during pregnancy but more commonly as the result of recrudescence of a persistent infection during pregnancy. Parasitaemia is followed by invasion of the placenta and fetus. It is suggested that abortion occurs when primary parasite-induced placental damage jeopardises fetal survival directly or causes release of maternal prostaglandins that in turn cause luteolysis and abortion. Fetal damage may also occur due to primary tissue damage caused by the multiplication of N. caninum in the fetus or due to insufficient oxygen/nutrition, secondary to placental damage. In addition, maternal immune expulsion of the fetus may occur associated with maternal placental inflammation and the release of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines in the placenta. Thus N. caninum is a primary pathogen capable of causing abortion either through maternal placental inflammation, maternal and fetal placental necrosis, fetal damage, or a combination of all three. The question of how N. caninum kills the fetus exposes the complex and finely balanced biological processes that have evolved to permit bovine and other mammalian pregnancies to occur. Defining these immunological mechanisms will shed light on potential methods of control of bovine neosporosis and enrich our understanding of the continuity of mammalian and protozoal survival.
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              Neonatal Neospora caninum infection in dogs: isolation of the causative agent and experimental transmission.

              Neospora caninum infection was diagnosed in 5 young dogs from 2 litters with a common parentage. The pups were born healthy, but developed hind limb paresis 5 to 8 weeks after birth. The predominant lesions were polyradiculoneuritis and granulomatous polymyositis. Neospora caninum was seen microscopically in sections of naturally infected pups, and was isolated in cell cultures, mice, and dogs inoculated with infected canine tissues. Antibodies to N caninum were detected in sera of infected dogs by indirect fluorescent antibody test.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                amv
                Archivos de medicina veterinaria
                Arch. med. vet.
                Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile (Valdivia, , Chile )
                0301-732X
                2012
                : 44
                : 2
                : 117-122
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidade do Estado de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Brasil a2abm@ 123456cav.udesc.br
                Article
                S0301-732X2012000200004 S0301-732X(12)04400200004
                74b9deef-cbff-43e0-a3c4-d908e2ba14db

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 55, Pages: 6
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                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ORIGINAL ARTICLES

                Neospora caninum,dairy cattle,risk factors,Santa Catarina State,bovinos lecheros,factores de riesgo,Santa Catarina

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