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      Brain plasticity: ‘visual’ acuity of blind persons via the tongue

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      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Publisher: Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Brain Research, 908(2), 204-207

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          Vision Substitution by Tactile Image Projection

          Paul Bach-y-Rita, Carter Collins, Frank A. Saunders … (1969)
          Article 0 comments Cited 112 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Plasticity of the sensorimotor cortex representation of the reading finger in Braille readers.

            Javier Torres-Roca, Peter A. Leone (1993)
            We studied the organization of the somatosensory cortex in proficient Braille readers, recording somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in 10 subjects and using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in five subjects, and compared the results with those of 15 control subjects. Somatosensory evoked potentials were elicited by a focal electrical stimulus to the tip of the index finger and recorded from a contralateral 4 x 4 grid of scalp electrodes centred around C3' and C4'. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, with an 8-shaped coil centred over the same scalp positions, was delivered simultaneously with, and at different intervals after, the finger stimulus. The results of the right index (reading) finger in Braille readers were compared with those of their left index (non-reading) finger and of the right and left index fingers of the control subjects. The scalp areas from which we recorded N20 and P22 components of the SEP with an amplitude of at least 70% of the maximal amplitude recorded in each trial were significantly larger in SEPs evoked from the reading fingers. Detection of the stimulus applied to the reading finger was blocked by TMS delivered over a larger contralateral scalp area and during a longer time window after the stimulus. These experiments suggest that reading Braille is associated with expansion of the sensorimotor cortical representation of the reading finger.
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              Glucose utilization in human visual cortex is abnormally elevated in blindness of early onset but decreased in blindness of late onset.

              C Veraart, A.G. De Volder, M.C. Wanet-Defalque … (1990)
              Glucose utilization has been studied in the visual cortex of blind human subjects, by comparison with normal volunteers, using positron emission tomography. In 6 subjects who became blind early in life ('early blindness'), metabolism in visual cortex was elevated, comparable to that of normal subjects studied with the eyes open. By contrast, glucose utilization in visual areas of 6 human subjects who became blind after completion of visual development ('late blindness') was decreased, slightly lower than in normal volunteers studied with the eyes closed. This unexpected difference between early and late blind subjects might reflect the persistence, in early blindness, of supranumerary synapses which would escape the normal developmental decrease in synaptic density during infancy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Publisher: Elsevier BV
                Publication date (Electronic): 2001
                Publication date (Issued): July 2001
                Publication date Updated: 08 February 2019
                Article
                DOI: 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02667-1
                PubMed ID: 11454331
                SO-VID: 75059e0e-1fdd-47c5-81da-ee7d9240c5fa
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