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      Epidemiology of suicide mortality in Mexican young people (ages 15-29) from 1990 to 2020 Translated title: Epidemiología del suicidio en jóvenes mexicanos (15-29 años) de 1990 a 2020

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction In 2020, suicide was the third leading cause of death in Mexico among young people ages 15 and 29, accounting for 43.0% of all suicides in the country, making it a major public health issue. Objective To explore changes in the geographic distribution of suicide rates by state and to analyze the magnitude, distribution, and pattern of suicide mortality in young Mexicans ages 15 to 29 between 1990 and 2020. Method Descriptive, ecological time-series study, based on official information. Standardized mortality rates were calculated using information on deaths (INEGI) and population estimates (CONAPO). The magnitude, distribution, and patterns of suicide mortality at the national level and by state were analyzed using the Joinpoint segmented regression model. Results From 1990 to 2020, suicide mortality in young people increased by 198% and was higher in women (285%) than men (178%). The states with the highest suicide mortality rates from 2016 to 2020 were Chihuahua (18.5 suicides/100,000 young people ages 15-29), Aguascalientes (16.6), Yucatán (14.4), Guanajuato (14.1), and San Luis Potosí (12.9), accounting for 23.0% of total suicide deaths. Discussion and conclusion The study of mortality trends could contribute to the management of a national suicide prevention strategy in young Mexicans, providing support for public health decision-making, such as the identification of the states and regions that should be prioritized.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción En 2020, el suicidio fue la tercera causa de muerte en México en los jóvenes de 15 a 29 años y concentró el 43.0% del total de suicidios del país. Por lo tanto, es un problema de salud pública muy relevante. Objetivo Explorar los cambios en la distribución geográfica de las tasas de suicidio por entidad federativa, así como analizar la magnitud, distribución y tendencia de la mortalidad por suicidio, en los jóvenes mexicanos de 15 a 29 años entre 1990 y 2020. Método Estudio ecológico descriptivo de series de tiempo, a partir de la información de fuentes oficiales. Se calcularon las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad utilizando la información sobre defunciones (INEGI) y las estimaciones de población (CONAPO). Se analizó la magnitud, distribución y tendencias de la mortalidad por suicidio a nivel nacional y por entidad federativa, utilizando el modelo de regresión segmentada Joinpoint. Resultados De 1990 a 2020, la mortalidad por suicidio en jóvenes creció 198%, siendo mayor en las mujeres (285%) que en los hombres (178%). Las entidades con mayor mortalidad por suicidio, de 2016 a 2020, fueron Chihuahua (18.5 suicidios/100 mil jóvenes 15-29 años), Aguascalientes (16.6), Yucatán (14.4), Guanajuato (14.1) y San Luis Potosí (12.9), las cuales concentraron el 23.0% del total de muertes por suicidios. Discusión y conclusión El estudio de las tendencias de la mortalidad podría contribuir a la gestión de una estrategia nacional para la prevención del suicidio en jóvenes mexicanos, proporcionando sustento para la toma de decisiones en salud pública, como la identificación de las entidades federativas y regiones del país que deben recibir la máxima prioridad.

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          Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates

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            Suicide numbers during the first 9-15 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with pre-existing trends: An interrupted time series analysis in 33 countries

            Background Predicted increases in suicide were not generally observed in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the picture may be changing and patterns might vary across demographic groups. We aimed to provide a timely, granular picture of the pandemic's impact on suicides globally. Methods We identified suicide data from official public-sector sources for countries/areas-within-countries, searching websites and academic literature and contacting data custodians and authors as necessary. We sent our first data request on 22nd June 2021 and stopped collecting data on 31st October 2021. We used interrupted time series (ITS) analyses to model the association between the pandemic's emergence and total suicides and suicides by sex-, age- and sex-by-age in each country/area-within-country. We compared the observed and expected numbers of suicides in the pandemic's first nine and first 10-15 months and used meta-regression to explore sources of variation. Findings We sourced data from 33 countries (24 high-income, six upper-middle-income, three lower-middle-income; 25 with whole-country data, 12 with data for area(s)-within-the-country, four with both). There was no evidence of greater-than-expected numbers of suicides in the majority of countries/areas-within-countries in any analysis; more commonly, there was evidence of lower-than-expected numbers. Certain sex, age and sex-by-age groups stood out as potentially concerning, but these were not consistent across countries/areas-within-countries. In the meta-regression, different patterns were not explained by countries’ COVID-19 mortality rate, stringency of public health response, economic support level, or presence of a national suicide prevention strategy. Nor were they explained by countries’ income level, although the meta-regression only included data from high-income and upper-middle-income countries, and there were suggestions from the ITS analyses that lower-middle-income countries fared less well. Interpretation Although there are some countries/areas-within-countries where overall suicide numbers and numbers for certain sex- and age-based groups are greater-than-expected, these countries/areas-within-countries are in the minority. Any upward movement in suicide numbers in any place or group is concerning, and we need to remain alert to and respond to changes as the pandemic and its mental health and economic consequences continue. Funding None.
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              Suicidio y conductas suicidas en México: retrospectiva y situación actual

              Objetivo. Presentar una panorámica epidemiológica del suicidio consumado, de tendencia y actual, así como de la conducta suicida en el país. Material y métodos. Revisión de la mortalidad por suicidio de 1970 hasta 2007, y análisis sobre la conducta suicida por medio de encuestas transversales. Resultados. De 1970 a 2007 el suicido ha crecido 275%. Actualmente el suicidio se incrementa en el grupo de 15-29 años de edad. La prevalencia de por vida de ideación suicida en adultos de 18 a 29 años fue de 9.7% y 3.8% reportaron intento de suicidio. Entre los habitantes de la República mexicana, 6 601 210 tuvieron ideación suicida en los últimos 12 meses, 593 600 personas intentaron suicidarse y 99 731 utilizaron servicios médicos como consecuencia de un intento de suicidio. Conclusión. Es urgente tomar medidas que canalicen casos de ideación al tratamiento y que pacientes con trastornos mentales sean objeto de una evaluación cuidadosa sobre su riesgo suicida. Objective. To summarize the epidemiology of completed suicide and suicidal behavior in Mexico. Material and Methods. National data registries on mortality from the year 1970 to 2007 and cross-sectional surveys were used to analyze suicide mortality and suicidal behavior. Results. The suicide rate grew 275% from 1970 to 2007. Suicide has been increasing among Mexicans 15-29 years old since 1970. In adults aged 18-29 years the lifetime prevalence of ideation was 9.7%, and attempt 3.8%. About 6,601,210 Mexicans had suicidal thoughts, 593,600 attempted suicide and 99,731 used some sort of medical service as a direct consequence of the latter in the year prior to the survey. Conclusions. Suicide and suicide-related behaviors are significant public health problems and, as such, actions are urgently required to identify and treat persons with suicidal thoughts, assess suicidal risk in patients with psychiatric disorders and implement population interventions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sm
                Salud mental
                Salud Ment
                Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (México, DF, Mexico )
                0185-3325
                December 2023
                : 46
                : 6
                : 295-305
                Affiliations
                [3] Ciudad de México orgnameSpectrum: Educación, Salud y Sociedad, A.C. Mexico
                [1] Ciudad de México orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana orgdiv1Departamento de Atención a la Salud Mexico
                [2] Ciudad de México orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Salud Pública Mexico
                Article
                S0185-33252023000600295 S0185-3325(23)04600600295
                10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2023.038
                75244017-e07f-4711-b5d6-132ca1123e9d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 November 2022
                : 01 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Original articles

                mortalidad,Mexico,young people,suicide,mortality,Epidemiologic studies,México,jóvenes,suicidio,Estudios epidemiológicos

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