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      Cicatrizes renais em crianças com refluxo vesicoureteral primário Translated title: Renal scars in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: verificar a incidência de cicatrizes renais em crianças com refluxo vesicoureteral primário, comparando com sexo, idade no diagnóstico, infecção febril, grau do refluxo e tipo de bactéria. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo de 58 crianças, com idade entre dois meses a 11 anos, apresentando refluxo vesicoureteral primário, detectado pela uretrocistografia miccional, após episódio documentado de infecção urinária. Diagnóstico de cicatriz renal foi obtido pela cintilografia com DMSA cinco meses, no mínimo, após o tratamento da infecção urinária; em 40 crianças, o exame foi repetido após período de seis meses a seis anos. RESULTADOS: 45 crianças (77,6%) eram meninas e 13 (22,4%) eram meninos, 51,7% com idade menor ou igual a 2 anos. A incidência de cicatriz renal foi de 55,2%. Houve maior proporção significativa de cicatrizes renais no sexo feminino, na presença do sintoma febre e no refluxo dilatado (III, IV e V). Presença de febre e sexo feminino foram fatores de risco significativos na ocorrência de cicatriz renal (febre - OR= 6,19, e sexo feminino - OR= 4,12). Houve tendência da presença de cicatriz renal em maiores de 2 anos. O intervalo entre início dos sintomas e a primeira consulta foi maior nas crianças com cicatrizes renais. Novas cicatrizes renais foram observadas em 12,5%. CONCLUSÃO: a presença de febre e sexo feminino foram fatores de risco para presença de cicatrizes renais, principalmente no refluxo vesicoureteral dilatado. A alta incidência de cicatrizes renais neste estudo pode estar relacionada ao retardo do diagnóstico do refluxo vesicoureteral.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: to determine the incidence of renal scars in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux taking into consideration the following variables: sex, age at diagnosis, febrile urinary infection, degree of reflux and bacteria specimen. METHOD: retrospective study of 58 children with age ranging from 2 months to 11 years, presenting primary vesicoureteral reflux detected by voiding cystourethrogram after documented episode of urinary tract infection. The diagnosis of renal scarring was obtained by dimercaptosuccinic acid scan 5 months after the treatment of the urinary infection; in 40 children the dimercaptosuccinic acid scan was performed again from 6 months up to 6 years after the treatment. RESULTS: 45 children (77.6%) were girls and 13 (22.4%) were boys, 51.7% were 2 years old or younger. The incidence of renal scarring was 55.2%. There was significant higher proportion of renal scars in girls, when the patients presented fever and dilated vesicoureteral reflux (III, IV, V). Fever and female sex were risk factors for the development of renal scars (fever - ODDS ratio = 6.19 and female sex - ODDS ratio = 4.12). There was a prevalence of renal scars in children over 2 years old. The interval between the beginning of the symptoms and the first medical visit was longer in the children with renal scars. New renal scars were observed in 12.5%. CONCLUSIONS: fever and female sex were risk factors for the presence of renal scars, mainly in the dilated vesicoureteral reflux. The high incidence of renal scars in this study may be related to delayed diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux.

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          Most cited references30

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          International system of radiographic grading of vesicoureteric reflux

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            The evaluation of acute pyelonephritis and renal scarring with technetium 99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy: evolving concepts and future directions.

            Technetium 99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy has emerged as the imaging agent of choice for the detection and evaluation of acute pyelonephritis and renal cortical scarring in children. Consequently, DMSA scintigraphy provides a unique opportunity to study the progression of renal damage and functional loss from the initial insult of acute pyelonephritis to the subsequent development of irreversible renal scarring. Over the last few years, clinical and experimental investigations using DMSA renal scintigraphy have provided new insights into the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical outcome of acute pyelonephritis in children. These studies have confirmed the primary role of the acute inflammatory response, associated with both reflux and nonreflux pyelonephritis, in the etiology of irreversible renal scarring. Furthermore, several studies have shown that renal scarring can be prevented or diminished by the early diagnosis and treatment of pyelonephritis. This review highlights these recent observations and makes recommendations regarding current clinical and future research applications.
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              Renal damage one year after first urinary tract infection: role of dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy.

              The aim of this study was to determine whether age, C-reactive protein (CRP), body temperature, or results of voiding cystourethrography at diagnosis of first-time symptomatic urinary tract infection could predict the risk of renal damage as evaluated by dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy performed 1 year after the infection. The study included 157 children (median age, 0.4 year, range, 5 days to 5.8 years) with first-time symptomatic urinary tract infection. In children 1 year of age or older, a body temperature of 38.5 degrees C or higher was necessary for inclusion. CRP and body temperature were measured at the time of infection, and voiding cystourethrography was performed shortly thereafter. DMSA scintigraphy was performed 1 year later in all children. After 1 year, 59 (38%) of the 157 children had renal damage as evaluated by DMSA scintigraphy, and of these, 28 (47%) had reflux. There was a positive correlation between renal damage and CRP, body temperature, and reflux. Children with high levels of CRP, high fever, and dilating reflux had a risk of renal damage up to 10 times higher than children with normal or slightly elevated CRP levels, no or mild fever, and no reflux. CRP concentration and body temperature at the index infection, in combination with the results of voiding cystourethrography, are useful in classifying children at high and low risk of scintigraphic renal damage 1 year after urinary tract infection.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jped
                Jornal de Pediatria
                J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil )
                0021-7557
                1678-4782
                August 2003
                : 79
                : 4
                : 355-362
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUNESP orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu orgdiv2Departamento de Pediatria
                Article
                S0021-75572003000400015 S0021-7557(03)07900415
                752eaa7f-f993-4d62-ba6d-ac5d77a89383

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 January 2003
                : 22 May 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                primary vesicoureteral reflux,refluxo vesicoureteral primário,cicatriz renal,renal scar

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