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      Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in Children: Clinical Presentation and Management

      review-article
      Author(s): 1
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Infection and Drug Resistance
      Publisher: Dove
      Keywords: osteomyelitis, pediatrics, Staphylococcus aureus, oral antibiotics

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          Abstract

          Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) is a common invasive infection encountered in the pediatric population. In addition to the acute illness, AHO has the potential to create long-term morbidity and functional limitations. While a number of pathogens may cause AHO, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism identified. Despite the frequency of this illness, little high-quality data exist to guide providers in the care of these patients. The literature is reviewed regarding the epidemiology, microbiology and management of AHO in children. A framework for empiric therapy is provided drawing from the available literature and published guidelines.

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          Most cited references101

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          Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children.

          Catherine Liu, Arnold S. Bayer, Sara E Cosgrove … (2011)
          Evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for adult and pediatric patients with MRSA infections. The guidelines discuss the management of a variety of clinical syndromes associated with MRSA disease, including skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), bacteremia and endocarditis, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and central nervous system (CNS) infections. Recommendations are provided regarding vancomycin dosing and monitoring, management of infections due to MRSA strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, and vancomycin treatment failures.
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            2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Adults.

            Elie F Berbari, Souha Kanj, Todd Kowalski … (2015)
            These guidelines are intended for use by infectious disease specialists, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, radiologists, and other healthcare professionals who care for patients with native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO). They include evidence and opinion-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with NVO treated with antimicrobial therapy, with or without surgical intervention.
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              Therapeutic Monitoring of Vancomycin for Serious Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A Revised Consensus Guideline and Review by the American Society of Health-system Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists

              Michael J Rybak, Jennifer Le, Thomas P Lodise … (2020)
              Recent clinical data on vancomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics suggest a reevaluation of current dosing and monitoring recommendations. The previous 2009 vancomycin consensus guidelines recommend trough monitoring as a surrogate marker for the target area under the curve over 24 hours to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC). However, recent data suggest that trough monitoring is associated with higher nephrotoxicity. This document is an executive summary of the new vancomycin consensus guidelines for vancomycin dosing and monitoring. It was developed by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists vancomycin consensus guidelines committee. These consensus guidelines recommend an AUC/MIC ratio of 400–600 mg*hour/L (assuming a broth microdilution MIC of 1 mg/L) to achieve clinical efficacy and ensure safety for patients being treated for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Infect Drug Resist
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Infect Drug Resist
                Journal ID (publisher-id): idr
                Journal ID (pmc): idr
                Title: Infection and Drug Resistance
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-6973
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 December 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 13
                Pages: 4459-4473
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence: J Chase McNeil Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA Email Jm140109@bcm.tmc.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: 257517
                DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S257517
                PMC ID: 7751737
                PubMed ID: 33364793
                SO-VID: 755453aa-578b-44eb-ae46-05f474b91f26
                Copyright © © 2020 McNeil.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 22 September 2020
                Date accepted : 01 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 6, References: 101, Pages: 15
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: osteomyelitis,pediatrics,staphylococcus aureus,oral antibiotics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: osteomyelitis, pediatrics, staphylococcus aureus, oral antibiotics

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