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      Perceived stress and its psychosocial and clinical correlates among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study

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          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          Although various psychosocial consequences of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have been thoroughly evaluated, perceived stress has not been well studied.

          Aim:

          This study assessed perceived stress and its psychosocial and clinical correlates.

          Methods:

          An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 PTB patients. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v23. Independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation were used to test the association between perceived stress and other variables. Assumptions of linear regression were checked. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify statistically significant association at P < 0.05.

          Results:

          Anxiety, perceived social support, and stigma were found to have significant association with perceived stress in multiple regression analysis. Perceived social support and duration of treatment were negatively significantly associated with perceived stress. Patients with PTB had high perceived stress, and moderate to strong significant correlation was observed among variables.

          Conclusion:

          Interventions tailored at addressing various psychosocial aspects of tuberculosis (TB) are needed.

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          Most cited references19

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          Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis.

          S. Cohen, T A Wills (1985)
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            Negative life events, social support and gender difference in depression: a multinational community survey with data from the ODIN study.

            Odd Dalgard, Christopher Dowrick, Ville Lehtinen … (2006)
            To explore if differences in negative life events, vulnerability and social support may explain the gender difference in depression. Cross-sectional, multinational, community survey from five European countries (n = 8,787). Depression is measured by Beck Depression Inventory, whereas negative life events and social support are measured by various questionnaires. Women report slightly more negative life events than men do, mainly related to the social network, but more social support in general and in connection with reported life events. This trend is the same in all participating countries except Spain, where there is no gender difference in the reported support. In general, women are not more vulnerable to negative life events than men are. However, women with no social support, who are exposed to life events, are more vulnerable than men without support. The higher rate of depression in women is not explained by gender differences in negative life events, social support or vulnerability.
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              Knowledge, Health Seeking Behavior and Perceived Stigma towards Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Suspects in a Rural Community in Southwest Ethiopia

              Gemeda Abebe, Amare Deribew, Ludwig Apers … (2010)
              Background Perceived stigma and lack of awareness could contribute to the late presentation and low detection rate of tuberculosis (TB). We conducted a study in rural southwest Ethiopia among TB suspects to assess knowledge about and stigma towards TB and their health seeking behavior. Methods A community based cross sectional survey was conducted from February to March 2009 in the Gilgel Gibe field research area. Any person 15 years and above with cough for at least 2 weeks was considered a TB suspect and included in the study. Data were collected by trained personnel using a pretested structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS 15.0 statistical software. Results Of the 476 pulmonary TB suspects, 395 (83.0%) had ever heard of TB; “evil eye” (50.4%) was the commonly mentioned cause of TB. Individuals who could read and write were more likely to be aware about TB [(crude OR = 2.98, (95%CI: 1.25, 7.08)] and more likely to know that TB is caused by a microorganism [(adjusted OR = 3.16, (95%CI: 1.77, 5.65)] than non-educated individuals. Males were more likely to know the cause of TB [(adjusted OR = 1.92, (95%CI: 1.22, 3.03)] than females. 51.3% of TB suspects perceived that other people would consider them inferior if they had TB. High stigma towards TB was reported by 199(51.2%). 220 (46.2%) did not seek help for their illness. Individuals who had previous anti-TB treatment were more likely to have appropriate health seeking behavior [(adjusted OR = 3.65, (95%CI: 1.89, 7.06)] than those who had not. Conclusion There was little knowledge about TB in the Gilgel Gibe field research area. We observed inappropriate health seeking behavior and stigma towards TB. TB control programs in Ethiopia should educate rural communities, particularly females and non-educated individuals, about the cause and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of TB.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian J Psychiatry
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian J Psychiatry
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJPsy
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Indian J Psychiatry
                Title: Indian Journal of Psychiatry
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0019-5545
                ISSN (Electronic): 1998-3794
                Publication date (Print): January 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 January 2023
                Volume: 65
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 103-106
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Psychiatry, School of Health Sciences, Goba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
                [1 ]Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
                [2 ]Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
                [3 ]Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Mr. Mustefa Mohammedhussein, Department of Psychiatry, School of Health Sciences, Goba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia. E-mail: mustefamohammed1984@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJPsy-65-103
                DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1356_20
                PMC ID: 9983448
                PubMed ID: 36874521
                SO-VID: 762fde00-2b00-4b7f-91ba-e9b00bdae3bd
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Psychiatry
                License:

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 03 December 2020
                Date revision received : 01 February 2022
                Date accepted : 16 December 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Brief Research Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: ethiopia,perceived stress,social support,substance use,tuberculosis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: ethiopia, perceived stress, social support, substance use, tuberculosis

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