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      Color polymorphism and allele frequency in a Brazilian population of the sunflower caterpillar Chlosyne lacinia saundersi (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Translated title: Polimorfismo de coloração e freqüência de alelos em uma população brasileira de lagarta-do-girassol Chlosyne lacinia saundersi (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

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          Abstract

          The aim of this work was at calculating allele frequency color polymorphism in a population of sunflower caterpillar, Chlosyne lacinia saundersi (Doubleday) from Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. Allele frequency in insect populations can be used as genetic marker to compare populations from different geographical and host origins. There are three phenotypes conditioned by two loci interacting epistatically. The phenotypes are: rufa (oranged colored larvae), bicolor (black larvae with dorsal orange stripes) and nigra, larvae with the body entirely black, sometimes with dorsal yellow dots, best seen in the fourth and fifth instars. Samples were taken independently in an attempt to obtain all combinations of crossing among genotypes. The genetic mechanism of this polymorphism is well known. A Chi-Square test (chi2) was used to estimate the ideal sample size. The frequencies stabilized, with over 800 fourth and fifth instars larvae even with increased sample size. The allele frequencies were calculated based on the frequency of each phenotype. The allele R of rufa locus had a frequency near 7.0% and the allele r near 93.0%, the allele B (bicolor) had a frequency around 31.8% and allele b frequency near 68.2%.

          Translated abstract

          A freqüência de alelos de polimorfismo de coloração da lagarta-do-girassol, Chlosyne lacinia saundersi (Doubleday) foi calculada em uma população, com o objetivo de usar o polimorfismo como marcador genético para comparar populações de diferentes regiões ou oriundas de diferentes hospedeiros. Existem três fenótipos condicionados por dois locos interagindo epistaticamente: rufa, lagartas alaranjadas; bicolor, lagartas pretas com listras dorsais alaranjadas e nigra, lagartas pretas, às vezes com pontuações amareladas, sendo que esse polimorfismo torna-se bem visível a partir do quarto estádio.O mecanismo genético desse polimorfismo é bem conhecido. As amostras foram obtidas de modo independente na tentativa de se incluirem todos os cruzamentos entre os genótipos. Utilizou-se o teste de Qui-Quadrado (chi2) para estimar com precisão o tamanho ideal da amostra. A partir de 800 espécimes de quarto e quinto ínstares, as freqüências estabilizaram. As freqüências gênicas foram calculadas com base na freqüência de cada fenótipo. O alelo R do locus rufa ocorreu na freqüência de 7% e o alelo r teve freqüência de 93 %. O alelo B do locus bicolor teve freqüência de 31,8% e o alelo b teve freqüência em torno de 62,2%.

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          Insect Ecology

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            Frequency-dependent predation, crypsis and aposematic coloration.

            Frequency-dependent predation may maintain or prevent colour pattern polymorphisms in prey, and can be caused by a variety of biological phenomena, including perceptual processes (search images), optimal foraging and learning. Most species are preyed upon by more than one predator species, which are likely to differ in foraging styles, perceptual and learning abilities. Depending upon the interaction between predator vision, background and colour pattern parameters, certain morphs may be actively maintained in some conditions and not in others, even with the same predators. More than one kind of predator will also affect stability, and only slight changes in conditions can cause a transition between polymorphism and monomorphism. Frequency-dependent selection is not a panacea for the explanation of variation in animal colour patterns, although it may be important in some systems.
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              Biologia evolutiva

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ne
                Neotropical Entomology
                Neotrop. entomol.
                Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil (Londrina )
                1678-8052
                January 2003
                : 32
                : 1
                : 159-161
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de Cruz Alta
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S1519-566X2003000100025
                10.1590/S1519-566X2003000100025
                769fd0f9-0984-4dea-bab3-1c55589b8794

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1519-566X&lng=en
                Categories
                ENTOMOLOGY

                Entomology
                Epistasis,population genetics,ecological genetics,phenotype,Epistasia,genética de populações,genética ecológica,fenótipo

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