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      Comparison of mathematical methods and measurements of traffic noise indices in pedestrian routes Translated title: Comparação de métodos matemáticos e medidas de índices de poluição sonora em rotas de pedestres

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          Abstract

          Abstract In this study, we propose an analysis of the vehicular traffic noise indices and comparison between field measurements and prediction data obtained from mathematical models. The study area consists of two pedestrians routes of a medium-sized South American city. University students use these routes in displacements between their universities and residences. We monitored twenty-eight points along the two routes, performing three daytime measurements for each point. The calculated values were obtained from two mathematical predicted models: the English model CRTN (Calculation of Road Traffic Noise) and the French model NMPB-Routes (Nouvelle Methode de Prevision de Bruit). The measurements considered two noise descriptors: the A-weighted equivalent sound level (LAeq) and the noise pollution index (Lnp). The results show that the pedestrians are exposed to excessive levels of vehicle traffic noise along these routes. However, the analysis showed that the two mathematical models achieved good similarity and high performance in the prediction potential. The CRTN model has a better performance than NMPB, proving to be useful as an auxiliary tool in the monitoring of vehicle traffic noise. Finally, we used the CRTN (LAeq) predictions to generate the map of noise pollution indices.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Neste trabalho nós propomos uma análise dos índices do tráfego de ruído veicular e uma comparação entre medições de campo e dados de previsões obtidas de modelos matemáticos. A área de estudo são duas rotas de pedestres, de uma cidade sul-americana de médio porte. Estudantes universitários utilizam essas rotas nos deslocamentos entre suas universidades e seus lugares de moradia. Nós monitoramos vinte e oito pontos ao longo das duas rotas, realizando três medições diurnas para cada ponto. Os valores calculados foram obtidos utilizando dois modelos de previsão matemática: o modelo inglês CRTN (Cálculo do Ruído de Trânsito Rodoviário) e o modelo francês NMPB-rotas (Nouvelle Methode de Prevision de Bruit). As medidas consideraram dois descritores de ruído: o nível de ruído contínuo equivalente (LAeq) e o índice de poluição sonora (Lnp). Os resultados mostram que os pedestres estão expostos a níveis excessivos de ruído veicular ao longo dessas rotas. De outro lado, a análise mostrou que os dois modelos matemáticos alcançaram boa similaridade e bom desempenho no potencial de previsão. O modelo CRTN teve melhor desempenho do que NMPB, demonstrando ser útil como ferramenta auxiliar no monitoramento do ruído de tráfego veicular. Nós utilizamos as previsões CRTN (LAeq) para gerar o mapa dos índices de poluição sonora.

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          Most cited references22

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          Environmental Noise and the Cardiovascular System

          Noise has been found associated with annoyance, stress, sleep disturbance, and impaired cognitive performance. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have found that environmental noise is associated with an increased incidence of arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Observational and translational studies indicate that especially nighttime noise increases levels of stress hormones and vascular oxidative stress, which may lead to endothelial dysfunction and arterial hypertension. Novel experimental studies found aircraft noise to be associated with oxidative stress-induced vascular damage, mediated by activation of the NADPH oxidase, uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and vascular infiltration with inflammatory cells. Transcriptome analysis of aortic tissues from animals exposed to aircraft noise revealed changes in the expression of genes responsible for the regulation of vascular function, vascular remodeling, and cell death. This review focuses on the mechanisms and the epidemiology of noise-induced cardiovascular diseases and provides novel insight into the mechanisms underlying noise-induced vascular damage.
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            Influence of urban and transport planning and the city environment on cardiovascular disease

            This Review describes the relationship between urban and transport planning and the city environment, the main cardiovascular risk factors (including physical activity, hypertension, and obesity), and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Good evidence exists for a relationship between built environment measures (such as mixed land use, connectivity and walkability, and physical activity), environmental exposures (such as green space, air pollution, and noise), and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Some good evidence exists for a link between transport mode and cardiovascular disease, but evidence is inconsistent for an association between built environment measures and weight status, and between green space and either weight status or physical activity. Further research is needed into the influence of built environment measures on cardiovascular disease and mortality. Urban and transport planning has an important effect on cardiovascular health and its risk factors. Cardiovascular disease and mortality could be reduced by better urban and transport planning that promotes physical activity; reduces levels of air pollution, noise, and heat island effects; and increases green space.
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              Effect of interaction between attention focusing capability and visual factors on road traffic noise annoyance

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ac
                Ambiente Construído
                Ambient. constr.
                Associação Nacional de Tecnologia do Ambiente Construído - ANTAC (Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil )
                1415-8876
                1678-8621
                March 2020
                : 20
                : 1
                : 351-364
                Affiliations
                [2] São Carlos orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Carlos Brazil
                [1] São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Carlos Brazil
                Article
                S1678-86212020000100351 S1678-8621(20)02000100351
                10.1590/s1678-86212020000100379
                76c2f84f-ac91-412a-a24b-5e3099051839

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 June 2019
                : 31 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Articles

                Acoustic comfort,NMPB,Mapa de ruído,Ruído de tráfego,Modelo de predição,Conforto acústico,CRTN,Road traffic,Noise map,Prediction model

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