4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      La dieta como factor de riesgo de hipovitaminosis D en la población pediátrica española Translated title: Diet as a risk factor for hypovitaminosis D in the Spanish pediatric population

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: El papel de la dieta como determinante relevante de hipovitaminosis D no está claro. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar su impacto en la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en población infantil sana española. Métodos: Mediante un diseño observacional se estudiaron en una muestra de población pediátrica, entre 4 y 14 años, datos demográficos, antropométricos, nutricionales, analíticos y el nivel de 25(OH) D mediante enzimo-inmuno-análisis. Se obtuvieron encuestas dietéticas mediante recordatorio de 24 horas evaluadas mediante el programa informático DietSource 3.0. La probabilidad de hipovitaminosis se analizó mediante regresión logística. Resultados: Se reclutaron 281 niños sanos con una edad media 9,0 años. La prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D (<20 ng/ml) fue de un 18,15% y la de déficit grave (<10 ng/ml) del 1,4%. La etnia, la estacionalidad, el fototipo de piel y el tiempo de exposición solar se asociaron significativamente a la presencia de hipovitaminosis D. La distribución de nutrientes no mostró diferencias entre los grupos con y sin hipovitaminosis salvo en la Piridoxina (vitamina B6) y los ácidos grasos saturados. Conclusiones: La dieta juega un papel reducido como factor de riesgo de hipovitaminosis D en población infantil sana y los factores relevantes son los relacionados con la exposición al sol. Un adecuado estilo de vida al aire libre, exposición solar libre de protectores solares y patrones dietéticos que aseguren una ingesta correcta de vitamina D y calcio siguen siendo las recomendaciones idóneas para la población general. La utilización de suplementos se debe limitar a los grupos de riesgo.

          Translated abstract

          Summary Objetives: It is not clear whether diet in the Spanish general population is also a relevant determinant of hypovitaminosis D. The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of diet on the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in healthy children. Methods: Demographic, anthropometric, nutritional, analytical data and vitamin D (25 (OH) D) level were studied using an enzyme-immuno-analysis using an observational design in a sample of the pediatric population between 4 and 14 years old. The 24-hour reminder diet survey was evaluated with the DietSource 3.0 software. The probability of hypovitaminosis was analyzed using logistic regression. Results: 280 healthy children with a mean age of 9.0 years were recruited. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (<20 ng/ml) was 18.15% and that of severe deficit (<10 ng/ml) 1.4%. Ethnicity, seasonality, skin phototype, and time of sun exposure were significantly associated with the presence of hypovitaminosis D. The distribution of nutrients did not show differences between the groups with and without hypovitaminosis except for Pyridoxine B6 and saturated fatty acids. Conclusions: Diet plays a reduced role as a risk factor for hypovitaminosis D in healthy children and the relevant factors are those related to sun exposure. An adequate outdoor lifestyle, sun exposure free of sunscreens and dietary patterns that ensure a correct intake of vitamin D and calcium remain the ideal recommendations for the general population. Supplementation should be limited to risk groups.

          Related collections

          Most cited references35

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.

          The objective was to provide guidelines to clinicians for the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency with an emphasis on the care of patients who are at risk for deficiency. The Task Force was composed of a Chair, six additional experts, and a methodologist. The Task Force received no corporate funding or remuneration. Consensus was guided by systematic reviews of evidence and discussions during several conference calls and e-mail communications. The draft prepared by the Task Force was reviewed successively by The Endocrine Society's Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee, Clinical Affairs Core Committee, and cosponsoring associations, and it was posted on The Endocrine Society web site for member review. At each stage of review, the Task Force received written comments and incorporated needed changes. Considering that vitamin D deficiency is very common in all age groups and that few foods contain vitamin D, the Task Force recommended supplementation at suggested daily intake and tolerable upper limit levels, depending on age and clinical circumstances. The Task Force also suggested the measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level by a reliable assay as the initial diagnostic test in patients at risk for deficiency. Treatment with either vitamin D(2) or vitamin D(3) was recommended for deficient patients. At the present time, there is not sufficient evidence to recommend screening individuals who are not at risk for deficiency or to prescribe vitamin D to attain the noncalcemic benefit for cardiovascular protection.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets.

            The epidemic scourge of rickets in the 19th century was caused by vitamin D deficiency due to inadequate sun exposure and resulted in growth retardation, muscle weakness, skeletal deformities, hypocalcemia, tetany, and seizures. The encouragement of sensible sun exposure and the fortification of milk with vitamin D resulted in almost complete eradication of the disease. Vitamin D (where D represents D2 or D3) is biologically inert and metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the major circulating form of vitamin D that is used to determine vitamin D status. 25(OH)D is activated in the kidneys to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], which regulates calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency has again become an epidemic in children, and rickets has become a global health issue. In addition to vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency and acquired and inherited disorders of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus metabolism cause rickets. This review summarizes the role of vitamin D in the prevention of rickets and its importance in the overall health and welfare of infants and children.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease.

              Most humans depend on sun exposure to satisfy their requirements for vitamin D. Solar ultraviolet B photons are absorbed by 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin, leading to its transformation to previtamin D3, which is rapidly converted to vitamin D3. Season, latitude, time of day, skin pigmentation, aging, sunscreen use, and glass all influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D3. Once formed, vitamin D3 is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and then in the kidney to its biologically active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized epidemic among both children and adults in the United States. Vitamin D deficiency not only causes rickets among children but also precipitates and exacerbates osteoporosis among adults and causes the painful bone disease osteomalacia. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risks of deadly cancers, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Maintaining blood concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D above 80 nmol/L (approximately 30 ng/mL) not only is important for maximizing intestinal calcium absorption but also may be important for providing the extrarenal 1alpha-hydroxylase that is present in most tissues to produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Although chronic excessive exposure to sunlight increases the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer, the avoidance of all direct sun exposure increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency, which can have serious consequences. Monitoring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations yearly should help reveal vitamin D deficiencies. Sensible sun exposure (usually 5-10 min of exposure of the arms and legs or the hands, arms, and face, 2 or 3 times per week) and increased dietary and supplemental vitamin D intakes are reasonable approaches to guarantee vitamin D sufficiency.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                romm
                Revista de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral
                Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner
                Sociedad Española de Investigaciones Óseas y Metabolismo Mineral (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1889-836X
                2173-2345
                December 2021
                : 13
                : 4
                : 122-129
                Affiliations
                [08] Barakaldo País Vasco orgnameUniversidad del País Vasco orgdiv1Departamento de Pediatría Spain
                [02] Arrasate-Mondragón orgnameUnidad de Investigación España
                [07] Madrid orgnameInstituto de Salud Carlos IIII España
                [05] Galdakao orgnameUnidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria de Bizkaia orgdiv1Hospital de Galdakao España
                [06] Barakaldo orgnameHospital Universitario Cruces orgdiv1IIS Biocruces Bizkaia España
                [04] Barakaldo orgnameInstituto Kronikgune orgdiv1Grupo de evaluación económica enfermedades crónicas España
                [09] Arrasate-Mondragón orgnameOSI Debagoiena orgdiv1Servicio de Traumatología España
                [10] Zumárraga orgnameCentros de Atención Primaria orgdiv1Urola España
                [01] Zumárraga orgnameHospital de Zumárraga orgdiv1Servicio de Pediatría España
                [03] Donostia-San Sebastián orgnameInstituto Biodonostia orgdiv1Grupo de evaluación económica enfermedades crónicas España
                Article
                S1889-836X2021000400004 S1889-836X(21)01300400004
                10.4321/s1889-836x2021000300004
                7721be80-f0b5-44ec-b94e-e233c52451b8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 September 2021
                : 24 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                dieta,exposición al sol,Gipuzkoa,hypovitaminosis D,healthy population,risk factors,sun exposure,hipovitaminosis D,población sana,factores de riesgo,diet

                Comments

                Comment on this article