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      Biochemical and biomolecular effects induced by a static magnetic field in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Evidence for oxidative stress

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          Abstract

          Exposure to static magnetic fields (SMF) can cause changes in microorganism metabolism altering key subcellular functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an applied SMF could induce biological effects on growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and then to probe biochemical and bio-molecular responses. We found a decrease in growth and viability under SMF (250mT) after 6h with a significant decrease in colony forming units followed by an increase between 6 h and 9 h. Moreover, measurements of antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) demonstrated a particular profile suggesting oxidative stress. For instance, SOD and catalase activities increased in magnetized cultures after 9 h compared with unexposed samples. However, SMF exposure caused a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity. Finally, SMF caused an increase in MDA levels as well as the content of protein carbonyl groups after 6 and 9 h of exposure.

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          Most cited references51

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          A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase.

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            Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases.

            O2- oxidizes the [4Fe-4S] clusters of dehydratases, such as aconitase, causing-inactivation and release of Fe(II), which may then reduce H2O2 to OH- +OH.. SODs inhibit such HO. production by scavengingO2-, but Cu, ZnSODs, by virtue of a nonspecific peroxidase activity, may peroxidize spin trapping agents and thus give the appearance of catalyzing OH. production from H2O2. There is a glycosylated, tetrameric Cu, ZnSOD in the extracellular space that binds to acidic glycosamino-glycans. It minimizes the reaction of O2- with NO. E. coli, and other gram negative microorganisms, contain a periplasmic Cu, ZnSOD that may serve to protect against extracellular O2-. Mn(III) complexes of multidentate macrocyclic nitrogenous ligands catalyze the dismutation of O2- and are being explored as potential pharmaceutical agents. SOD-null mutants have been prepared to reveal the biological effects of O2-. SodA, sodB E. coli exhibit dioxygen-dependent auxotrophies and enhanced mutagenesis, reflecting O2(-)-sensitive biosynthetic pathways and DNA damage. Yeast, lacking either Cu, ZnSOD or MnSOD, are oxygen intolerant, and the double mutant was hypermutable and defective in sporulation and exhibited requirements for methionine and lysine. A Cu, ZnSOD-null Drosophila exhibited a shortened lifespan.
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              Yeast: an experimental organism for 21st Century biology.

              In this essay, we revisit the status of yeast as a model system for biology. We first summarize important contributions of yeast to eukaryotic biology that we anticipated in 1988 in our first article on the subject. We then describe transformative developments that we did not anticipate, most of which followed the publication of the complete genomic sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1996. In the intervening 23 years it appears to us that yeast has graduated from a position as the premier model for eukaryotic cell biology to become the pioneer organism that has facilitated the establishment of the entirely new fields of study called "functional genomics" and "systems biology." These new fields look beyond the functions of individual genes and proteins, focusing on how these interact and work together to determine the properties of living cells and organisms.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Methodology
                Role: Investigation
                Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                4 January 2019
                2019
                : 14
                : 1
                : e0209843
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carthage University, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
                [2 ] Environmental Research Institute and School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
                [3 ] Dept of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
                Aligarh Muslim University, INDIA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-2480
                Article
                PONE-D-18-19558
                10.1371/journal.pone.0209843
                6319737
                30608963
                778bc1ad-cfd7-4912-8c2b-ead1fc085d98
                © 2019 Kthiri et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 10 July 2018
                : 12 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 0, Pages: 12
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Animal Studies
                Experimental Organism Systems
                Model Organisms
                Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Model Organisms
                Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Fungi
                Yeast
                Saccharomyces
                Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Animal Studies
                Experimental Organism Systems
                Yeast and Fungal Models
                Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                Condensed Matter Physics
                Magnetism
                Magnetic Fields
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Antioxidants
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Fungi
                Yeast
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Oxidative Stress
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Lipids
                Lipid Peroxidation
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Enzymology
                Enzymes
                Dismutases
                Superoxide Dismutase
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                Enzymes
                Dismutases
                Superoxide Dismutase
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Peptides
                Glutathione
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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