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      Comparação entre métodos clínicos e laboratoriais no diagnóstico das faringotonsilites estreptocócicas Translated title: Comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory methods for diagnosing streptococcal sore throat

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVOS: O diagnóstico e tratamento correto das faringotonsilites causadas pelo estreptococo beta-hemolítico do grupo A é importante, particularmente na prevenção das seqüelas não-supurativas. Achados clínicos continuam sendo utilizados para diferenciar infecção estreptocócica de faringotonsilite viral. A Academia Americana de Pediatria recomenda que o diagnóstico da faringotonsilite estreptocócica seja sempre confirmado por métodos de identificação microbiológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a acurácia do diagnóstico clínico comparado com resultados de cultura e teste rápido no diagnóstico das faringotonsilites estreptocócicas. MÉTODOS: Crianças entre 2 e 13 anos com diagnóstico clínico de faringotonsilite avaliadas na unidade de emergência pediátrica da Santa Casa de São Paulo eram selecionadas, e aquelas com sintomas de infecção viral eram excluídas. Foram registrados achados clínicos e colhidos suabes para a realização de cultura e teste rápido para estreptococo do grupo A. RESULTADOS: Das 376 crianças avaliadas, a cultura foi positiva em 96 (24,4%). A presença de petéquias, exsudato e gânglios dolorosos foi mais comum nas crianças com culturas positivas, mas com baixa acurácia diagnóstica. A avaliação subjetiva do médico que assistia o paciente não identificou 21% dos casos positivos e recomendou antibióticos para 47% das crianças com cultura negativa, contra 3 e 6% identificados pelo teste rápido, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Um método de diagnóstico microbiológico é necessário para a adequada prescrição de antibióticos em crianças com faringotonsilites estreptocócicas.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVES: Diagnosis and correct treatment of group A streptococcal sore throat is important particularly to prevent non-suppurative sequelae. Clinical findings continue to be used to differentiate streptococcal infection from viral sore throat. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that streptococcal sore throat diagnosis should always be performed by microbiological identification methods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in comparison with culture and rapid test. METHODS: Children aged 2 to 13 years who had received a clinical diagnosis of sore throat and sought treatment at the pediatric emergency unit of São Paulo Santa Casa were evaluated and those with clinical signs or viral infection were excluded. Clinical findings were recorded and swabs were taken for group A Streptococcus cultures and a Streptococcus rapid test. RESULTS: The culture was positive in 96 (24.4%) of the 376 children evaluated. The presence of petechiae, purulent exudate and painful tonsils were more likely to occur in children with positive streptococcus cultures, however they exhibited low diagnostic accuracy. The doctors' subjective evaluation failed to identify 21% of positive cases and antibiotics were prescribed in 47% of negative cases, compared with 3 and 6%, respectively, for the rapid test. CONCLUSIONS: A microbiologic method is necessary for the correct prescription of antibiotics in children with streptococcal sore throat.

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          Most cited references25

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          Reed Book: 2003 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases

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            PHARYNGITIS

            Pharyngitis encompasses infection or irritation of the pharynx and tonsils. Rarely found in infants younger than 1 year and uncommon in infants younger than 2 years, the illness peaks between ages 4 to 7 years but recurs throughout life, especially whenever people congregate and in the winter months. 9 Viral agents are the usual culprits.7, 21 Although group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) causes only 15% of all pharyngitis, it is the usual bacterial cause and may cause significant nonsuppurative sequelae in the form of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) or acute glomerulonephritis (AGN). All types of pharyngitis can lead to suppurative complications including cervical lymphadenitis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, sinusitis, and otitis media.
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              Perplexity and Precision in the Diagnosis of Streptococcal Pharyngitis

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jped
                Jornal de Pediatria
                J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (Porto Alegre )
                1678-4782
                February 2005
                : 81
                : 1
                : 23-28
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0021-75572005000100006
                10.1590/S0021-75572005000100006
                782c8955-e617-4827-9891-5b6c4effb706

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0021-7557&lng=en
                Categories
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics
                Group A Streptococcus,tonsillitis,pharyngitis,Streptococcus pyogenes,Estreptococo do grupo A,tonsilites,faringites

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