28
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Development of the Perceived Risk of HIV Scale

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Past studies have used various methods to assess perceived risk of HIV infection; however, few have included multiple items covering different dimensions of risk perception or have examined the characteristics of individual items. This study describes the use of Item Response Theory (IRT) to develop a short measure of perceived risk of HIV infection scale (PRHS). An item pool was administered by trained interviewers to 771 participants. Participants also completed the risk behavior assessment (RBA) which includes items measuring risky sexual behaviors, and 652 participants completed HIV testing. The final measure consisted of 8 items, including items assessing likelihood estimates, intuitive judgments and salience of risk. Higher scores on the PRHS were positively associated with a greater number of sex partners, episodes of unprotected sex and having sex while high. Participants who tested positive for HIV reported higher perceived risk. The PRHS demonstrated good reliability and concurrent criterion-related validity. Compared to single item measures of risk perception, the PRHS is more robust by examining multiple dimensions of perceived risk. Possible uses of the measure and directions for future research are discussed.

          Resumen

          Estudios previos han utilizado varios métodos para evaluar los riesgos percibidos de la infección del VIH; sin embargo, pocos han incluido los varios elementos que cubren las diferentes dimensiones de la percepción del riesgo o han examinado las características de los elementos individuales. Este estudio describe el uso del “Item Response Theory” (IRT) para desarrollar una medida básica del riesgo percibido de la infección del VIH (PRHS). A 771 participantes se les administro un sorteo de elementos a mano de entrevistadores calificados. Los participantes también rellenaron evaluaciones de riesgo que incluyen elementos para evaluar comportamiento de riesgo sexual, y 652 de los participantes tomaron pruebas para el VIH. La medida definitiva constaba de 8 elementos, elementos que incluyeron la evaluación de la estimación de probabilidad, juicios intuitivos, prominencia de riesgo. Las puntaciones más altas fueron asociadas con un número más elevado de parejas sexuales, relaciones sexuales sin protección, y relaciones sexuales bajo el influjo. Los participantes que resultaron seropositivos para el VIH reportaron niveles altos de riesgo percibido. El PRHS demostró buena fiabilidad y validez de criterio relacionado concurrente. En comparación con los métodos de evaluación del riesgo percibido de un solo elemento, el PRHS es más robusto en examinar dimensiones múltiples de riesgo percibido. Usos posibles de la evaluación y direcciones para investigaciones en el futuro son discutidos.

          Related collections

          Most cited references24

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious.

          M Epstein (1994)
          Cognitive-experiential self-theory integrates the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious by assuming the existence of two parallel, interacting modes of information processing: a rational system and an emotionally driven experiential system. Support for the theory is provided by the convergence of a wide variety of theoretical positions on two similar processing modes; by real-life phenomena--such as conflicts between the heart and the head; the appeal of concrete, imagistic, and narrative representations; superstitious thinking; and the ubiquity of religion throughout recorded history--and by laboratory research, including the prediction of new phenomena in heuristic reasoning.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Risk perceptions: assessment and relationship to influenza vaccination.

            Accurate measurement of beliefs about risk probability is essential to determine what role these beliefs have in health behavior. This study investigated the ability of several types of risk perception measures and of other constructs from health behavior theories to predict influenza vaccination. Prospective study in which students, faculty, and staff at 3 universities (N = 428) were interviewed in the fall, before influenza vaccine was available, and again early in the next calendar year. Self-reported influenza vaccination. Two interview questions that asked about feeling at risk and feeling vulnerable predicted subsequent behavior better (r = .44, p = .001) than 2 questions that asked for agreement or disagreement with statements about risk probability (r = .25, p = .001) or 4 questions that asked respondents to estimate the magnitude of the risk probability (r = .30, p = .001). Of the 4 perceived risk magnitude scales, a 7-point verbal scale was the best predictor of behavior. Anticipated regret was the strongest predictor of vaccination (r = .45, p = .001) of all constructs studied, including risk perceptions, worry, and perceived vaccine effectiveness. Risk perceptions predicted subsequent vaccination. However, perceived risk phrased in terms of feelings rather than as a purely cognitive probability judgment predicted better. Because neither feeling at risk nor anticipated regret is represented in the most commonly used theories of health behavior, the data suggest that these theories are missing important constructs. (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Reliability of self-reported HIV risk behaviors of drug users.

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +1-5624952330 , +1-5629831421 , dfisher@csulb.edu
                Journal
                AIDS Behav
                AIDS Behav
                AIDS and Behavior
                Springer US (Boston )
                1090-7165
                1573-3254
                22 July 2011
                22 July 2011
                May 2012
                : 16
                : 4
                : 1075-1083
                Affiliations
                Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University, 1090 Atlantic Avenue, Long Beach, CA 90813 USA
                Article
                3
                10.1007/s10461-011-0003-2
                3338003
                21785873
                7852c684-2dce-4bff-803b-eb2affa50164
                © The Author(s) 2011
                History
                Categories
                Original Paper
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                sexual behavior,hiv risk perception,validity,perceived risk,item response theory

                Comments

                Comment on this article