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      Considerações básicas a respeito da psicopatologia evolucionista Translated title: Evolutionary psychopathology: basic considerations

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          Abstract

          O artigo examina a idéia geral de patologia sob o ponto de vista da biologia evolucionista. Focaliza os instrumentos analíticos conceituais da psicologia evolucionista a partir das idéias de causa próxima e causa última, com vistas a uma nova compreensão dos distúrbios psiquiátricos, em particular dos apresentados por adictos. Indica como o exame da função adaptativa dos sintomas conduz à identificação do sistema funcional subjacente e orienta a investigação. O exercício de um percurso analítico de mão-dupla, das causas últimas para as próximas e vice-versa, é aplicado à compreensão de distúrbios como autismo e esquizofrenia, que têm a ver com o "cérebro social" e a "teoria da mente"; e à análise das características de 19 casos de pacientes adictos portadores de jogo patológico, compra compulsiva, sexo compulsivo e dependência de drogas.

          Translated abstract

          This article presents a general overview of psychopathology from an evolutionary biology point of view. The conceptual analytical tools of evolutionary psychology are examined, using as a basis the distinction between proximate and ultimate causes, aiming at a new understanding of psychiatric disturbances, more specifically disturbances present in addictions. Taking into account the adaptive function of symptoms leads to the identification of underlying functional systems and guides investigation. A two-way analytical path from ultimate causes to proximate and vice-versa, is applied to the understanding of disturbances such as autism and schizophrenia which are related to the "social brain" and to the "theory of mind", and also applied to the analysis of cases of addict patients, suffering from pathological gambling, compulsive shopping, compulsive sex and drug addiction.

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          Most cited references47

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          The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism

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            Sexual Strategies Theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating.

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              The logic of social exchange: has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task.

              In order to successfully engage in social exchange--cooperation between two or more individuals for mutual benefit--humans must be able to solve a number of complex computational problems, and do so with special efficiency. Following Marr (1982), Cosmides (1985) and Cosmides and Tooby (1989) used evolutionary principles to develop a computational theory of these adaptive problems. Specific hypotheses concerning the structure of the algorithms that govern how humans reason about social exchange were derived from this computational theory. This article presents a series of experiments designed to test these hypotheses, using the Wason selection task, a test of logical reasoning. Part I reports experiments testing social exchange theory against the availability theories of reasoning; Part II reports experiments testing it against Cheng and Holyoak's (1985) permission schema theory. The experimental design included eight critical tests designed to choose between social exchange theory and these other two families of theories; the results of all eight tests support social exchange theory. The hypothesis that the human mind includes cognitive processes specialized for reasoning about social exchange predicts the content effects found in these experiments, and parsimoniously explains those that have already been reported in the literature. The implications of this line of research for a modular view of human reasoning are discussed, as well as the utility of evolutionary biology in the development of computational theories.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                reto
                Revista de Etologia
                Rev. etol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Etologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1517-2805
                2175-3636
                December 2004
                : 6
                : 2
                : 119-129
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameRuhr-University of Bochum Germany
                [01] orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo
                Article
                S1517-28052004000200005 S1517-2805(04)00600205
                79a79ebf-7d39-46d6-921b-f75b23c2502a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 December 2004
                : 05 February 2004
                : 02 May 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia

                Categories
                Artigos

                Adictos,Evolutionary psychopathology,Psychiatric disorders,Addiction,Psicopatologia evolucionista,Distúrbios psiquiátricos

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