[1
]Department of Medicine, Stanford University, (
https://ror.org/00f54p054)
Stanford, CA USA
[2
]Department of Genetics, Stanford University, (
https://ror.org/00f54p054)
Stanford, CA USA
[3
]Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, (
https://ror.org/05a0ya142)
Cambridge, MA USA
[4
]Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, (
https://ror.org/036jqmy94)
Iowa City, IA USA
[5
]Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, (
https://ror.org/02qp3tb03)
Rochester, MN USA
[6
]Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, (
https://ror.org/05a0ya142)
Cambridge, MA USA
[7
]Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, (
https://ror.org/00jmfr291)
Ann Arbor, MI USA
[8
]School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, (
https://ror.org/01zkghx44)
Atlanta, GA USA
[9
]Department of Medicine, Duke University, (
https://ror.org/00py81415)
Durham, NC USA
[10
]Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, (
https://ror.org/00py81415)
Durham, NC USA
[11
]Emory Integrated Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, Emory University, (
https://ror.org/03czfpz43)
Atlanta, GA USA
[12
]BRCF Metabolomics Core, University of Michigan, (
https://ror.org/00jmfr291)
Ann Arbor, MI USA
[13
]Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, (
https://ror.org/02qp3tb03)
Rochester, MN USA
[14
]Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, (
https://ror.org/04a9tmd77)
New York, NY USA
[15
]Environmental Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,
(
https://ror.org/05h992307)
Richland, WA USA
[16
]Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, (
https://ror.org/0155zta11)
Burlington, VT USA
[17
]Department of Pathology, Stanford University, (
https://ror.org/00f54p054)
Stanford, CA USA
[18
]Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine,
(
https://ror.org/0207ad724)
Winston-Salem, NC USA
[19
]Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, (
https://ror.org/05h992307)
Richland, WA USA
[20
]Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, (
https://ror.org/03czfpz43)
Atlanta, GA USA
[21
]Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, (
https://ror.org/0280a3n32)
Boston, MA USA
[22
]Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, (
https://ror.org/00jmfr291)
Ann Arbor, MI USA
[23
]Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
(
https://ror.org/04a9tmd77)
New York, NY USA
[24
]Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai,
(
https://ror.org/04a9tmd77)
New York, NY USA
[25
]Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, (
https://ror.org/035z6xf33)
Oklahoma City, OK USA
[26
]Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, (
https://ror.org/02y3ad647)
Gainesville, FL USA
[27
]GRID grid.266100.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2107 4242, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, , University of California, San Diego, ; La Jolla, CA USA
[28
]Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, (
https://ror.org/00f54p054)
Stanford, CA USA
[29
]Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, (
https://ror.org/008s83205)
Birmingham, AL USA
[30
]Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, (
https://ror.org/04drvxt59)
Boston, MA USA
[31
]Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, (
https://ror.org/0207ad724)
Winston-Salem, NC USA
[32
]Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, (
https://ror.org/02qp3tb03)
Rochester, MN USA
[33
]Department of Statistics, Stanford University, (
https://ror.org/00f54p054)
Stanford, CA USA
[34
]Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, (
https://ror.org/00f54p054)
Stanford, CA USA
[35
]Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, (
https://ror.org/02y3ad647)
Gainesville, FL USA
[36
]Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine,
(
https://ror.org/0207ad724)
Winston-Salem, NC USA
[37
]Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine,
(
https://ror.org/0207ad724)
Winston-Salem, NC USA
[38
]GRID grid.94365.3d, ISNI 0000 0001 2297 5165, National Institute on Aging, , National Institutes of Health, ; Bethesda, MD USA
[39
]GRID grid.94365.3d, ISNI 0000 0001 2297 5165, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, , National Institutes of Health, ; Bethesda, MD USA
[40
]Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, (
https://ror.org/02y3ad647)
Gainesville, FL USA
[41
]Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, (
https://ror.org/02ymw8z06)
Columbia, MO USA
[42
]Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, (
https://ror.org/02ymw8z06)
Columbia, MO USA
[43
]Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, (
https://ror.org/02ymw8z06)
Columbia, MO USA
[44
]Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, (
https://ror.org/02ymw8z06)
Columbia, MO USA
[45
]Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, (
https://ror.org/00hj54h04)
Austin, TX USA
[46
]GRID grid.19006.3e, ISNI 0000 0000 9632 6718, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, , University of California, ; Los Angeles, CA USA
[47
]Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, (
https://ror.org/0153tk833)
Charlottesville, VA USA
[48
]Section on Clinical, Behavioral, and Outcomes Research, Joslin Diabetes Center, (
https://ror.org/0280a3n32)
Boston, MA USA
[49
]Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, (
https://ror.org/02vm5rt34)
Nashville, TN USA
[50
]Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, (
https://ror.org/01efrfk30)
Deland, FL USA
[51
]Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, (
https://ror.org/02ymw8z06)
Columbia, MO USA
[52
]NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, (
https://ror.org/02ymw8z06)
Columbia, MO USA
[53
]GRID grid.412016.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2177 6375, Cell Biology and Physiology, Internal Medicine, , University of Kansas Medical Center, ; Kansas City, KS USA
[54
]Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center,
University of Virginia School of Medicine, (
https://ror.org/0153tk833)
Charlottesville, VA USA
[55
]Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, (
https://ror.org/0153tk833)
Charlottesville, VA USA
[56
]Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, (
https://ror.org/0153tk833)
Charlottesville, VA USA
[57
]Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia
School of Medicine, (
https://ror.org/0153tk833)
Charlottesville, VA USA
[58
]GRID grid.438526.e, ISNI 0000 0001 0694 4940, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, , Center for Exercise Medicine Research at Virginia Tech Carilion, ; Roanoke, VA USA
[59
]Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life
Sciences, Virginia Tech, (
https://ror.org/02smfhw86)
Blacksburg, VA USA
[60
]Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, (
https://ror.org/01an3r305)
Pittsburgh, PA USA
[61
]Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology,
(
https://ror.org/01zkghx44)
Atlanta, GA USA
[62
]Department of Medicine, Emory University, (
https://ror.org/03czfpz43)
Atlanta, GA USA
[63
]Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama
at Birmingham, (
https://ror.org/008s83205)
Birmingham, AL USA
[64
]Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, (
https://ror.org/03wmf1y16)
Aurora, CO USA
[65
]Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, (
https://ror.org/008s83205)
Birmingham, AL USA
[66
]Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, (
https://ror.org/00k6tx165)
Muncie, IN USA
[67
]GRID grid.414935.e, ISNI 0000 0004 0447 7121, Translational Research Institute, , AdventHealth, ; Orlando, FL USA
[68
]GRID grid.266093.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0668 7243, Department of Pediatrics, , University of California, ; Irvine, CA USA
[69
]Pennington Biomedical Research Center, (
https://ror.org/040cnym54)
Baton Rouge, LA USA
[70
]College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, (
https://ror.org/03wmf1y16)
Aurora, CO USA
[71
]Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, (
https://ror.org/02pammg90)
Los Angeles, CA USA
[72
]Population and Public Health, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, (
https://ror.org/040cnym54)
Baton Rouge, LA USA
[73
]GRID grid.468222.8, Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Metabolic Health, Barshop Institute
for Longevity and Aging Studies, , University of Texas Health Science Center, ; San Antonio, TX USA
[74
]GRID grid.468222.8, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, , University of Texas Health Science Center, ; San Antonio, TX USA
License:
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License,
which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium
or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the
source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were
made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the
article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to
the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence
and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted
use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view
a copy of this licence, visit
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.