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      Vasculite leucocitoclástica: uma rara manifestação associada ao metimazol Translated title: Leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with methimazole

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          Abstract

          As tionamidas são drogas freqüentemente utilizadas no tratamento do hipertireoidismo da moléstia de Basedow Graves (MBG), tanto como terapia primária como para o preparo do paciente para cirurgia ou iodo radioativo. Reações adversas com o uso destas drogas ocorrem em cerca de 3 a 12 % dos pacientes, variando desde reações leves e freqüentes até quadros incomuns, graves e potencialmente fatais. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente, com diagnóstico de hipertireoidismo por MBG, que após cerca de um mês de uso de metimazol, iniciou com poliartralgia acompanhada de lesões úlcero-necrotizantes em terço distal de membros inferiores que à avaliação laboratorial e histológica mostrou-se compatível com vasculite cutânea leucocitoclástica, padrão este encontrado nas vasculites por reação de hipersensibilidade. Após retirada da droga antitireoidiana e tratamento com prednisona a paciente evoluiu com regressão das lesões cutâneas sendo, então, encaminhada para terapia com iodo radioativo.

          Translated abstract

          Thionamides are drugs frequently used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in Basedow-Graves' disease (BGD), both as primary therapy and for the preparation of patients undergoing surgery or radioiodine therapy. Adverse reactions related to these drugs affect 3-12% of patients, varying from minor and transient reactions, more frequently, to uncommon, severe and potentially fatal ones. We describe a patient diagnosed with hyperthyroidism due to BGD, who developed polyarthralgia followed by ulcer-necrotizing cutaneous lesions in the distal extremities of the legs, after use of methimazole for about a month, with laboratory and histologic evaluation compatible with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis, a pattern found in hypersensitivity vasculitis. After withdrawal of the anti-thyroid drug and following prednisone treatment, patient’s skin lesions improved, with radioiodine therapy being performed thereafter.

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          Most cited references8

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          Adverse effects of thyroid hormone preparations and antithyroid drugs.

          Thyroid hormone preparations, especially thyroxine, are widely used either at replacement doses to correct hypothyroidism or at suppressive doses to abolish thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) secretion in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after total thyroidectomy or with diffuse/ nodular nontoxic goitre. In order to suppress thyrotropin secretion, it is necessary to administer slightly supraphysiological doses of thyroxine. Possible adverse effects of this therapy include cardiovascular changes (shortening of systolic time intervals, increased frequency of atrial premature beats and, possibly, left ventricular hypertrophy) and bone changes (reduced bone density and bone mass), but the risk of these adverse effects can be minimised by carefully monitoring serum free thyroxine and free liothyronine (triiodothyronine) measurements and adjusting the dosage accordingly. Thionamides [thiamazole (methimazole), carbimazole, propylthiouracil] are the most widely used antithyroid drugs. They are given for long periods of time and cause adverse effects in 3 to 5% of patients. In most cases, adverse effects are minor and transient (e.g. skin rash, itching, mild leucopenia). The most dangerous effect is agranulocytosis, which occurs in 0.1 to 0.5% of patients. This life-threatening condition can now be effectively treated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration. Other major adverse effects (aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, vasculitis) are exceedingly rare.
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            ANCA-associated vasculitis and lupus-like syndrome caused by methimazole.

            A 24-year-old woman with Graves' disease treated with methimazole for 4 years, developed recalcitrant ulcers on the lower legs. Histological studies demonstrated vasculitis in deep dermal vessels accompanied by C3 deposition. Laboratory investigation revealed lupus-like abnormalities (leucocytopenia, positive antinuclear and antidouble strand (ds) DNA antibodies, and positive ANCA). The leg ulcers dramatically improved after methimazole was withdrawn. In addition, leucocytopenia and the immunological abnormalities soon faded. Although lupus-like syndrome is well known to be induced by antithyroid drugs, vasculitis is a rare complication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing ANCA-associated vasculitis caused by methimazole.
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              Propylthiouracil hypersensitivity: Report of two patients with vasculitis and review of the literature

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abem
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
                Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab
                Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1677-9487
                December 2002
                : 46
                : 6
                : 716-719
                Affiliations
                [01] Uberlândia MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia orgdiv1Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital de Clínicas
                Article
                S0004-27302002000600017 S0004-2730(02)04600617
                10.1590/S0004-27302002000600017
                7a8a556f-29cc-455c-918f-012de123c71e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 March 2002
                : 26 September 2002
                : 12 July 2002
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 8, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Apresentação de Casos

                Cutaneous vasculitis,Methimazole,Adverse reactions,Anti-thyroid drugs,Hyperthyroidism,Vasculite cutânea,Metimazol,Reações adversas,Drogas antitireoidianas,Hipertireoidismo

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