Effect of outdoor playground and sports activities design on development of children’s fundamental movement skills

Abstract

Objective To demonstrate the effect of structured and autonomous sports activities on children’s basic motor skills in a preset outdoor field for a certain time and frequency, and to provide a reference for improving children’s development of basic motor skills.

Methods Selected 141 typical developing children from 4 public kindergartens in Nanning, and randomly divided them into experimental group(71) and control group(70). The experimental group participated in physical activities for 10 weeks (3 times a week, 1 hour each time) in the preset outdoor field (each physical activity was composed of 30 minutes of autonomous physical activity and 30 minutes of structured physical activity), while the control group had no intervention of site preset and specially designed activities. Before and after the experiment, 9 basic motor skills (including 3 fine motor skills and 6 gross motor skills) were tested.

Results There were significant differences in double-hand throwing, single-leg balance (left), single-leg balance (right), swing bridge balance and beam-walking before and after intervention in experimental group ( t=7.82, 4.25, 9.69, −10.01, −28.28, P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance in the improvement of heel-toe coordinated walking ( t=−0.60, P>0.05). There was no significant improvement in coin throwing (right hand), coin throwing (left hand) and square stacking ( t=0.91, 1.03, 0.42, P>0.05), while in the control group, except for the balance of swinging bridge ( t=4.27, P<0.05) and heel and toe walking ( t=3.96, P<0.05), the improvement of other basic motor skills was not statistically significant ( t=1.21, 0.74, 0.31, 0.97, P>0.05).

Conclusion The quality of sports environment has a potential impact on the basic motor skills of preschool children. The basic motor skills of the pre-school children can be greatly improved by conducting structural and autonomous physical activities with a certain time and frequency.

Abstract

【摘要】 目的 了解幼儿在预设的户外场地进行一定时间、频次的结构化与自主体育活动对基本动作技能的影响效果, 为促进儿童基本动作技能的发展提供参考。 方法 在南宁市主城区 4 所公立幼儿园随机抽取 141 名正常发育幼儿分为实 验组 (71 名) 和对照组 (70 名)。实验组儿童在预设的户外场地连续参加 10 周 (每周 3 次, 每次1 h) 体育活动(每次体育活 动由 30 min 自主身体活动和 30 min 结构化体育活动组成), 对照组无场地预设和专门设计的活动干预。实验前后对每名 受试儿童进行 9 项基本动作技能测试 (包括 3 项精细动作技能和 6 项粗大动作技能)。 结果 干预后, 实验组儿童 6 项粗 大动作技能测试中双手抛掷实心球、单脚平衡(左)、单脚平衡(右)、荡桥平衡与平衡木行走与干预前差异均有统计学意义 ( t 值分别为 7.82,4.25, 9.69, −10.01, −28.28, P 值均<0.05), 脚跟脚尖协调行走改善无统计学意义 ( t=−0.60, P>0.05), 投放 硬币(右手)、投放硬币(左手)、方块堆砌3项精细动作技能测试均无明显改善 ( t 值分别为 0.91, 1.03,0.42, P 值均>0.05)； 对照组儿童除荡桥平衡 ( t=4.27, P<0.01) 与脚跟脚尖协调行走 ( t=3.96, P<0.05) 外, 其余基本动作技能改善均无统计学意 义 ( t 值分别为 1.21, 0.74,0.31, 0.97, P 值均>0.05)。 结论 运动环境质量对幼儿基本动作技能有潜在影响作用。在预设 的户外场地进行一定时间、频率的结构与自主化体育活动, 幼儿的基本动作技可得到显著改善。