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      Expressão do mRNA de genes mitocondriais e desempenho produtivo de codornas alimentadas com glicerol Translated title: mRNA expression of mitochondrial genes and productive performance of quails fed with glycerol

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dietas com glicerol no desempenho produtivo de codornas japonesas de corte e na expressão do mRNA de genes mitocondriais da proteína adenina nucleotídeo translocase (ANT) e da proteína desacopladora (UCP), envolvidas no metabolismo energético e na resposta ao estresse oxidativo. As codornas foram alimentadas com dietas contendo 0, 8 e 12% de glicerol, em substituição parcial ao milho. Aos 28 dias de idade, o RNA total foi extraído de amostras do músculo do peito e a síntese do cDNA foi feita por meio de qRT‑PCR com iniciadores específicos para genes da ANT e UCP, obtidos de Gallus gallus. A conversão alimentar e o consumo de ração foram avaliados para as três dietas testadas. A adição de 8% de glicerol não afetou o desempenho dos animais. No entanto, a adição de 12% aumentou o consumo de ração e piorou a conversão alimentar. O ganho de peso não foi afetado pela inclusão de glicerol na dieta. No grupo alimentado com 8% de glicerol, a expressão da UCP aumentou, mas a da ANT não variou, em comparação ao controle. A expressão da UCP foi menor e a da ANT foi maior no grupo alimentado com 12% de glicerol. A inclusão de 8% de glicerol na dieta não afeta o desempenho de codornas de corte, embora aumente a expressão da UCP. A inclusão de 12% de glicerol piora o desempenho e aumenta a expressão da ANT.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of diets containing glycerol on the productive performance of Japanese meat quails and on the mRNA expression of the mitochondrial genes of the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and uncoupling protein (UCP), involved in energy metabolism and oxidative stress response. The quail were fed diets containing 0, 8, and 12% glycerol in partial substitution of corn. At 28 days of age, total RNA was extracted from samples of breast muscle and cDNA synthesis was done with qRT‑PCR using specific primers for ANT and UCP genes, obtained from Gallus gallus. Feed conversion and feed intake were evaluated for the three tested diets. The addition of 8% glycerol did not affect performance. However, the addition of 12% glycerol increased feed intake and worsen feed conversion. Animal weight gain was not affected by glycerol inclusion in the diet. In the group fed with 8% glycerol, UCP expression increased, but that of ANT did not vary in comparison to the control. The expression of UCP was lower and that of ANT was higher in the group fed with 12% glycerol. The inclusion of 8% glycerol in the diet does not affect the performance of meat quails, although it increases the expression of UCP. The inclusion of 12% glycerol decreases performance and increases the expression of ANT.

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          Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling proteins.

          Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) diverts energy from ATP synthesis to thermogenesis in the mitochondria of brown adipose tissue by catalysing a regulated leak of protons across the inner membrane. The functions of its homologues, UCP2 and UCP3, in other tissues are debated. UCP2 and UCP3 are present at much lower abundance than UCP1, and the uncoupling with which they are associated is not significantly thermogenic. Mild uncoupling would, however, decrease the mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, which are important mediators of oxidative damage. Here we show that superoxide increases mitochondrial proton conductance through effects on UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3. Superoxide-induced uncoupling requires fatty acids and is inhibited by purine nucleotides. It correlates with the tissue expression of UCPs, appears in mitochondria from yeast expressing UCP1, and is absent in skeletal muscle mitochondria from UCP3 knockout mice. Our findings indicate that the interaction of superoxide with UCPs may be a mechanism for decreasing the concentrations of reactive oxygen species inside mitochondria.
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            Association of mitochondrial function and feed efficiency in poultry and livestock species.

            As grain prices have increased dramatically in the past year, understanding the fundamental genetic, cellular, and biochemical mechanisms responsible for feed efficiency (FE; g of gain/g of feed) or residual feed intake (RFI; an alternative feed efficiency trait that quantifies interanimal variation in DMI that is unexplained by differences in BW and growth rate) in livestock and poultry is extremely important with respect to maintaining viable meat production practices in the United States. Although breed and diet have long been known to affect mitochondrial function, few studies have investigated differences in mitochondrial function and biochemistry due to interanimal phenotypic differences in FE or RFI (i.e., variation among animals of the same breed and fed the same diet). This paper reviews existing literature on relationships of mitochondrial function and biochemistry with FE and RFI in poultry and livestock. The overall goal of all of this paper is to assist the development of tools (e.g., genetic markers or biomarkers) to aid commercial breeding companies in genetic selection that, in turn, will help maintain viable livestock and poultry industries in the United States and around the world.
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              Contribution of mitochondrial proton leak to skeletal muscle respiration and to standard metabolic rate.

              We have tested the hypothesis that the leak of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane (proton leak) is a significant contributor to standard metabolic rate (SMR). We found that proton leak accounts for around one-half of the resting respiration rate of perfused rat skeletal muscle. Proton leak is known to make a significant (26%) contribution to the resting respiration rate of isolated rat hepatocytes (M. D. Brand, L.-F. Chien, E. K. Ainscow, D. F. S. Rolfe, and R. K. Porter. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1187: 132-139, 1994). If the importance of proton leak in these isolated and perfused systems is similar to its importance in vivo, then using literature values for the contribution of liver and skeletal muscle to SMR, we can calculate that proton leak in liver and skeletal muscle alone accounts for 11-26% (mean 20%) of the SMR of the rat. If proton leak activity in the other tissues of the rat is similar to that in liver cells, then the contribution of proton leak to rat SMR would be 16-31% (mean 25%).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-204X
                1678-3921
                February 2013
                : 48
                : 2
                : 228-233
                Affiliations
                Article
                S0100-204X2013000200014 S0100-204X(13)04800200014
                7af8054a-12ad-441e-802e-eacaa77c9c4f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 January 2013
                : 17 July 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Zootecnia

                oxidative stress,metabolismo energético,fosforilação oxidativa,estresse oxidativo,Coturnix coturnix,energy metabolism,oxidative phosphorylation

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