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      Non-Smad Signaling Pathways of the TGF-β Family

      review-article
      Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
      Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

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          Abstract

          Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and structurally related factors use several intracellular signaling pathways in addition to Smad signaling to regulate a wide array of cellular functions. These non-Smad signaling pathways are activated directly by ligand-occupied receptors to reinforce, attenuate, or otherwise modulate downstream cellular responses. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms by which non-Smad signaling pathways are directly activated in response to ligand binding, how activation of these pathways impinges on Smads and non-Smad targets, and how final cellular responses are affected in response to these noncanonical signaling modes.

          Abstract

          Several non-Smad signaling pathways (e.g., MAPK) can be activated by TGF-β family ligands. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of activation and cellular responses to these pathways have recently been made.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
          Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
          cshperspect
          cshperspect
          Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
          Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (Cold Spring Harbor, New York )
          1943-0264
          February 2017
          : 9
          : 2
          : a022129
          Affiliations
          Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
          Author notes
          Article
          PMC5287080 PMC5287080 5287080 a022129
          10.1101/cshperspect.a022129
          5287080
          27864313
          7b37c37b-a1aa-4c89-815b-d20af2cc2408
          Copyright © 2017 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved
          History
          Page count
          Pages: 18
          Categories
          088
          PERSPECTIVES
          Cell Signaling

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