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      How I do it open distal ureteroureterostomy for ectopic ureters in infants with duplex systems and no vesicoureteral reflux under 6 months of age

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      1 , 1
      International Brazilian Journal of Urology : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology
      Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia
      Vesico-Ureteral Reflux, Ureter, Infant

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          ABSTRACT

          We describe a step by step technique for open distal ureteroureterostomy (UU) in infants less than 6 months presenting with duplex collecting system and upper pole ectopic ureter in the absence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

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          Duplex collecting system diagnosed during the first 6 years of life after a first urinary tract infection: a study of 63 children.

          We determined the prevalence, anatomical variants and coexisting complications of duplex collecting systems in children with a history of UTI. Additionally, we compared the prevalence and severity of the coexisting anomalies with those found in single systems. We reviewed the records of children younger than 6 years who were evaluated following a first UTI during a 9-year period to identify those with duplex systems. Children without duplication anomalies comprised the control group. Of 774 evaluated children 63 (8%), more commonly females than males, had duplex systems. CDS were as common as IDS. VUR was the most commonly associated anomaly, with a higher prevalence in CDS (66%) and IDS (47%) compared to single systems (26%, p <0.0001 and p = 0.007, respectively). Ectopic ureterocele, which was the second most common associated anomaly, was found in 20% of the CDS but in none of the IDS or single systems. The occurrence of renal scarring was similar among CDS, IDS (13%) and single systems (10%). Poorly functioning pole moieties occurred more often in CDS (40%) compared to IDS (4%, p = 0.003), and were observed in none of the single systems. The resolution rate of reflux tended to be higher in IDS compared to CDS. CDS were a common finding among children with UTI who had duplication anomalies. Although CDS and IDS were accompanied by VUR more often than were single systems, CDS were associated more often with severe VUR, other serious complications and poor renal function.
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            Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy in the surgical management of the severely dilated ureter in ureteral duplication.

            Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy for the surgical management of severely dilated ureter in ureteral duplication is well supported in the surgical literature but often not done. We evaluated our institutional experience with ureteroureterostomy in duplication anomalies to assess the feasibility and success of this procedure. An 8-year retrospective review of the records of all patients with complete renal duplex anomalies was evaluated. Anatomical presentations, and operative and nonoperative treatment of these patients were evaluated. A total of 193 patients were identified with complete renal duplication. Associated anomalies included ureterocele in 24 patients, ectopic ureter in 38 and vesicoureteral reflux in 57. Of 193 patients 160 (83%) with duplex anomalies underwent surgical intervention with a total of 41 ureteroureterostomies performed in 39 patients with dilated donor ureters. A total of 11 ureteroureterostomies were performed primarily and 30 were performed in conjunction with ipsilateral ureteral reimplantation of the distal common segment below the ureteroureterostomy. Ten of the 39 patients had the contralateral side reimplanted for vesicoureteral reflux. In all children with ureteroureterostomy the anastomosis between the 2 ureters remained patent. Two of the 11 children who underwent ureteroureterostomy alone had de novo ipsilateral vesicoureteral reflux (1), which was treated with ureteral reimplantation, and subureteral injection (1). Two children who underwent concomitant ureteroureterostomy and reimplantation without indwelling stents had transient postoperative urinomas that required subsequent drainage. Additionally, 3 patients had persistent ipsilateral vesicoureteral reflux, which was treated with subureteral injection in 1 and observation in 2. One patient presented with transient ipsilateral urinary obstruction, which required percutaneous drainage and resolved spontaneously. In cases of ureteral duplication with a severely dilated ureter requiring surgical intervention ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy is a viable option for reflux and/or obstruction. The procedure is rapid and technically feasible, and it offers excellent cosmesis. In addition, ureteroureterostomy has minimal morbidity and it facilitates early hospital discharge.
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              Ureteroureterostomy irrespective of ureteral size or upper pole function: a single center experience.

              Although ureteroureterostomy (UU) is an established procedure for the treatment of duplex anomalies, there may be a reluctance to apply this approach to patients with poor upper pole function and/or marked degrees of ureteral dilation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int Braz J Urol
                Int Braz J Urol
                ibju
                International Brazilian Journal of Urology : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology
                Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia
                1677-5538
                1677-6119
                20 October 2020
                May-Jun 2021
                : 47
                : 3
                : 610-614
                Affiliations
                [1 ] orgnameMcMaster University orgdiv1Departament of Surgery Hamilton Canada originalDepartament of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
                Author notes
                Correspondence address: Luis H. Braga, MD Departament of Surgery, McMaster University HSC 4E19, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Hamilton, Canadá Fax: +1 905-521-9992 E-mail: lhpbraga@ 123456gmail.com

                CONFLICT OF INTEREST

                None declared.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3953-7353
                Article
                S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.0742
                10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.0742
                7993958
                33146975
                7bc0747c-be56-447c-9122-528b8778037e

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 20 August 2020
                : 10 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 7, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Surgical Technique

                vesico-ureteral reflux,ureter,infant
                vesico-ureteral reflux, ureter, infant

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