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      Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Factors among Children below Five Years of Age in Cape Verde, West Africa

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          ABSTRACT

          This study estimated the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors in a probability sample of 993 children aged 6-59 months in Cape Verde, West Africa. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated from a hierarchical model for multiple analysis to assess the association between anaemia and explanatory variables. The prevalence of anaemia was 51.8% (95% CI 47.7-55.8). Children who resided within poor household conditions (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.06-3.71) were below 24 months of age (OR 3.23; 95% CI 2.03-5.15) and recently experienced diarrhoea (OR 1.58; 95% CI 0.99-2.50) were at high risk of anaemia. Anaemia should be considered a serious public-health concern in Cape Verde, mainly for children below 24 months. Further, special consideration should be given to children who have experienced recent diarrhoea and belong to families residing in poor household conditions.

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          Effect of iron supplementation on mental and motor development in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

          P Nestel, Tarun Gera, HPS Sachdev (2005)
          To evaluate the effect of iron supplementation on mental and motor development in children through a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Electronic databases, personal files, hand search of reviews, bibliographies of books, abstracts and proceedings of international conferences. RCTs with interventions that included oral or parenteral iron supplementation, fortified formula milk or cereals were evaluated. The outcomes studied were mental and motor development scores and various individual development tests employed, including Bayley mental and psychomotor development indices and intelligence quotient. The pooled estimate (random effects model) of mental development score standardised mean difference (SMD) was 0.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15 to 0.46, P or =8 years age), the pooled SMD was 0.41 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.62, P<0.001; P=0.07 for heterogeneity). There was no effect of iron supplementation on motor development score (SMD 0.09, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.26, P=0.28; P=0.028 for heterogeneity). Iron supplementation improves mental development score modestly. This effect is particularly apparent for intelligence tests above 7 years of age and in initially anaemic or iron-deficient anaemic subjects. There is no convincing evidence that iron treatment has an effect on mental development in children below 27 months of age or on motor development.
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            Impact of malaria control on childhood anaemia in Africa -- a quantitative review.

            Bruce Armstrong, B Nahlen, Sybil Williams … (2004)
            To review the impact of malaria control on haemoglobin (Hb) distributions and anaemia prevalences in children under 5 in malaria-endemic Africa. Literature review of community-based studies of insecticide-treated bednets, antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and insecticide residual spraying that reported the impact on childhood anaemia. Anaemia outcomes were standardized by conversion of packed cell volumes into Hb values assuming a fixed threefold difference, and by estimation of anaemia prevalences from mean Hb values by applying normal distributions. Determinants of impact were assessed in multivariate analysis. Across 29 studies, malaria control increased Hb among children by, on average, 0.76 g/dl [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.91], from a mean baseline level of 10.5 g/dl, after a mean of 1-2 years of intervention. This response corresponded to a relative risk for Hb < 11 g/dl of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64-0.81) and for Hb < 8 g/dl of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.25-0.55). The anaemia response was positively correlated with the impact on parasitaemia (P = 0.005, P = 0.008 and P = 0.01 for the three outcome measures), but no relationship with the type or duration of malaria intervention was apparent. Impact on the prevalence of Hb < 11 g/dl was larger in sites with a higher baseline parasite prevalence. Although no age pattern in impact was apparent across the studies, some individual trials found larger impacts on anaemia in children aged 6-35 months than in older children. In malaria-endemic Africa, malaria control reduces childhood anaemia. Childhood anaemia may be a useful indicator of the burden of malaria and of the progress in malaria control.
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              WHO child growth standards - length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for age : methods and development

              M. DE ONIS, M Onis, M CANIO (2006)
              Article 0 comments Cited 79 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Health Popul Nutr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Health Popul Nutr
                Journal ID (pmc): JHPN
                Title: Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition
                Publisher: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
                ISSN (Print): 1606-0997
                ISSN (Electronic): 2072-1315
                Publication date (Print): December 2014
                Volume: 32
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 646-657
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
                [2] 2Department of Public Health Studies, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
                Author notes
                Correspondence and reprint requests: Dr. Gloria V. da Veiga, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 Centro de Ciências da Saúde, bloco J/2º andar, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. CEP 21941-590, Email: gvveiga@ 123456globo.com , Fax: (5521) 2280-8343
                Article
                Other ID: jhpn0032-0646
                PMC ID: 4438695
                PubMed ID: 25895198
                SO-VID: 7c20efd2-603a-467e-8704-90d8ec7c8aea
                Copyright © © INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR DIARRHOEAL DISEASE RESEARCH, BANGLADESH
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Original Papers
                Subject: Nutrition

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: anaemia,child,risk factors,socioenvironmental conditions,west africa
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: anaemia, child, risk factors, socioenvironmental conditions, west africa

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