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      Selección de tierras para el cultivo de café en zonas con información escasa: análisis espacial del territorio y conocimiento local Translated title: Land selection for coffee cultivation in areas with limited information: territory spatial analysis and local knowledge

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La mayoría de los suelos de la Mixteca Alta presentan altos niveles de degradación. Una estrategia para su manejo y conservación es a través de integrar el conocimiento local y el análisis espacial para delimitar zonas aptas para la producción de café. El objetivo fue evaluar la aptitud de las tierras para cultivar café en la Mixteca Alta, del estado de Oaxaca considerando el conocimiento local y sistemas de información geográfica. Se desarrolló un modelo de aptitud de tierras para el cultivo de café con base en el análisis de la altitud, la inclinación de la pendiente y el suelo. Los cafetales no aptos se localizan en las zonas con menor altitud, la cuales también fueron las más cálidas y con la mayor presencia de roya. También la altitud del terreno mayor a 2 200 msnm no es apta para el cultivo del café debido a la presencia de heladas. La inclinación de la pendiente del terreno mayor a 80o no es apta para el cultivo del café. Las tierras muy aptas ocupan solo 258.1 ha; las aptas 2 030.4 ha; las medianamente aptas 3 162.3 ha; marginalmente aptas ocupan 2 558.8 ha; y las no aptas 5 123.9 ha. Las tierras aptas para el cultivo del café tienen suelos profundos con texturas franco-arcillo-arenosas y un espesor de hojarasca promedio de 5 cm. Este trabajo puede servir de referencia para la evaluación de tierras en zonas con escases de información geográfica del medio físico.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Most of the soils of the Mixteca Alta show high levels of degradation. A strategy for its management and conservation is through integrating local knowledge and spatial analysis to delimit areas suitable for coffee production. The objective was to evaluate the aptitude of the lands to grow coffee in the Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca State, considering local knowledge and geographic information systems. A land suitability model for coffee cultivation was developed based on the analysis of the altitude, the steepness of the slope and the soil. The unsuitable coffee plantations are located in the areas with the lowest altitude, which were also the warmest and with the highest presence of rust. Also, the altitude of the land higher than 2200 meters above sea level is not suitable for growing coffee due to the presence of frost. The slope of the land greater than 80o is not suitable for growing coffee. The very suitable lands occupy only 258.1 ha; the suitable 2 030.4 ha; the moderately suitable 3 162.3 ha; marginally suitable occupy 2 558.8 ha; and the unsuitable 5 123.9 ha. Land suitable for growing coffee have deep soils with loamy-clay-sandy textures and an average leaf thickness of 5 cm. This work can serve as a reference for land evaluation in areas with scarce geographic information on the physical environment.

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          A global meta-analysis of the biodiversity and ecosystem service benefits of coffee and cacao agroforestry

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            Home-field advantage? evidence of local adaptation among plants, soil, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through meta-analysis

            Background Local adaptation, the differential success of genotypes in their native versus foreign environment, arises from various evolutionary processes, but the importance of concurrent abiotic and biotic factors as drivers of local adaptation has only recently been investigated. Local adaptation to biotic interactions may be particularly important for plants, as they associate with microbial symbionts that can significantly affect their fitness and may enable rapid evolution. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is ideal for investigations of local adaptation because it is globally widespread among most plant taxa and can significantly affect plant growth and fitness. Using meta-analysis on 1170 studies (from 139 papers), we investigated the potential for local adaptation to shape plant growth responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation. Results The magnitude and direction for mean effect size of mycorrhizal inoculation on host biomass depended on the geographic origin of the soil and symbiotic partners. Sympatric combinations of plants, AM fungi, and soil yielded large increases in host biomass compared to when all three components were allopatric. The origin of either the fungi or the plant relative to the soil was important for explaining the effect of AM inoculation on plant biomass. If plant and soil were sympatric but allopatric to the fungus, the positive effect of AM inoculation was much greater than when all three components were allopatric, suggesting potential local adaptation of the plant to the soil; however, if fungus and soil were sympatric (but allopatric to the plant) the effect of AM inoculation was indistinct from that of any allopatric combinations, indicating maladaptation of the fungus to the soil. Conclusions This study underscores the potential to detect local adaptation for mycorrhizal relationships across a broad swath of the literature. Geographic origin of plants relative to the origin of AM fungal communities and soil is important for describing the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant biomass, suggesting that local adaptation represents a powerful factor for the establishment of novel combinations of fungi, plants, and soils. These results highlight the need for subsequent investigations of local adaptation in the mycorrhizal symbiosis and emphasize the importance of routinely considering the origin of plant, soil, and fungal components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0698-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Shade Coffee: Update on a Disappearing Refuge for Biodiversity

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                era
                Ecosistemas y recursos agropecuarios
                Ecosistemas y recur. agropecuarios
                Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado (Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico )
                2007-9028
                2007-901X
                2021
                : 8
                : 1
                : e2419
                Affiliations
                [1] Morelia orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Centro de Investigación en Geografía Ambiental Mexico
                [2] Cárdenas orgnameColegio de Postgraduados Mexico
                Article
                S2007-90282021000100006 S2007-9028(21)00800100006
                10.19136/era.a8n1.2419
                7ca43448-702e-4aee-9dfb-36e7ea63969d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 February 2021
                : 17 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                Relieve,soils,weather,Relief,manejo,zonificación agroecológica,suelos,clima,management,Agroecological zoning

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