Cancer vaccinations: a personalized approach

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Abstract

We take a look at how advancements in mRNA technology, immunotherapy and stem cell technology have enabled the development of cancer vaccinations.

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Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo

J. Wolff, R. Malone, P. Williams … (1990)

RNA and DNA expression vectors containing genes for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, luciferase, and beta-galactosidase were separately injected into mouse skeletal muscle in vivo. Protein expression was readily detected in all cases, and no special delivery system was required for these effects. The extent of expression from both the RNA and DNA constructs was comparable to that obtained from fibroblasts transfected in vitro under optimal conditions. In situ cytochemical staining for beta-galactosidase activity was localized to muscle cells following injection of the beta-galactosidase DNA vector. After injection of the DNA luciferase expression vector, luciferase activity was present in the muscle for at least 2 months.

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PROVENGE (Sipuleucel-T) in prostate cancer: the first FDA-approved therapeutic cancer vaccine.

Martin A Cheever, Celestia Higano (2011)

Sipuleucel-T (PROVENGE; Dendreon) is the first therapeutic cancer vaccine to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In men who have metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with no or minimal symptoms, sipuleucel-T prolongs median survival by 4.1 months compared with results in those treated with placebo. At 3 years, the proportion of patients in the vaccine group who were alive was 50% higher than that in the control group (31.7% versus 21.7%, respectively). Sipuleucel-T, which is designed to elicit an immune response to prostatic acid phosphatase, uses the patient's own immune system to recognize and combat his cancer. Currently, no other agents are available that offer a survival benefit for this population of asymptomatic patients who have not been treated with chemotherapy, except for docetaxel (whose inherent toxicities often lead patients and physicians to delay administration until symptoms develop). Straightforward strategies to increase the efficacy of sipuleucel-T are likely to provide even greater benefit. The preclinical and clinical development of sipuleucel-T is reviewed, and approaches to enhance efficacy are considered herein. ©2011 AACR.

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Antitumor effects of iPSC-based cancer vaccine in pancreatic cancer

Xiaoming Ouyang, Yu. Liu, Yang Zhou … (2021)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and cancer cells share cellular similarities and transcriptomic profiles. Here, we show that an iPSC-based cancer vaccine, comprised of autologous iPSCs and CpG, stimulated cytotoxic antitumor CD8 + T cell effector and memory responses, induced cancer-specific humoral immune responses, reduced immunosuppressive CD4 + T regulatory cells, and prevented tumor formation in 75% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mice. We demonstrate that shared gene expression profiles of “iPSC-cancer signature genes” and others are overexpressed in mouse and human iPSC lines, PDAC cells, and multiple human solid tumor types compared with normal tissues. These results support further studies of iPSC vaccination in PDAC in preclinical and clinical models and in other cancer types that have low mutational burdens. • The iPSC-based cancer vaccine prevents tumor growth in pancreatic cancer • The iPSC-based cancer vaccine induces cytotoxic antitumor T cell and B cell responses • The iPSC-based cancer vaccine reduces immune-suppressive Treg cells • iPSC-cancer signature genes are upregulated in mouse PDAC and human tumors In this article, Wu and colleagues demonstrate that an iPSC-based cancer vaccine, comprised of iPSCs and CpG, stimulated cytotoxic T cell and B cell responses, reduced immune-suppressive Treg cells, and prevented tumor formation in mice injected with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. The “iPSC-cancer signature genes” are overexpressed among iPSC lines, PDAC cells, and multiple human cancers. These results support further studies of iPSC-based cancer vaccine for treatment of PDAC.

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): BTN

Title: BioTechniques

Publisher: Future Science Ltd (London, UK )

ISSN (Print): 0736-6205

ISSN (Electronic): 1940-9818

Publication date (Print, pub): June 2021

Volume: 70

Issue: 6

Pages: 303-305

Affiliations

¹Future Science Group, Unitec House, 2 Albert Pl, Finchley, London

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[* ]Author for correspondence: etorrington@ 123456biotechniques.com

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Ebony Torrington https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-7383

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DOI: 10.2144/btn-2021-0049

SO-VID: 7ce0cf8c-3d4f-449a-afa0-815b337ed0d7

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This work is licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Unported License

Cancer vaccinations: a personalized approach

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Abstract

Most cited references 4

Direct gene transfer into mouse muscle in vivo

PROVENGE (Sipuleucel-T) in prostate cancer: the first FDA-approved therapeutic cancer vaccine.

Antitumor effects of iPSC-based cancer vaccine in pancreatic cancer

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