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      Botrytis cinerea causante del moho gris en frutos de zarzamora en México Translated title: Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold in blackberry fruit in Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen. La zarzamora (Rubus sp.) es una frutilla atacada por el género Botrytis. En México se desconoce que especies están involucradas con el síntoma de moho gris. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las especies de Botrytis asociadas a zarzamora. En noviembre-diciembre de 2016, se realizaron muestreos en 17 áreas productoras de zarzamora en México. Se colectaron frutillas con síntomas de moho gris, de las cuales se aislaron y purificaron los aislamientos. Con la técnica de cultivo monospórico, se obtuvieron 211 aislamientos, los cuales formaron 21 grupos basado en un agrupamiento por similitud de las características morfológicas, patogénicas y culturales. De cada grupo se eligió un aislamiento y se identificó molecularmente. El ADN se extrajo con el método de Phosphatasa Alcalina (AP), posteriormente se realizó la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de la región del espacio transcrito interno. (ITS) utilizando los iniciadores ITS1 e ITS4. El producto de amplificación se secuenció en ambas direcciones con el método de Sanger. Se identificaron diferencias morfológicas, culturales y patogénicas entre los 21 grupos. Basado en la caracterización morfológica, cultural y patogénica, así como el análisis de secuencias de la región ITS se encontró que los aislamientos corresponden a Botrytis cinerea.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract. Blackberry (Rubus sp.) is a fruit attacked by the fungus genera Botrytis. In Mexico, it is unknown which species are associated with the gray mold symptoms. This research aimed to identify the Botrytis species associated with blackberry. In November-December of 2016, sampling was carried out in 17 blackberry production regions in Mexico. Fruits with gray mold symptoms were collected, from which fungi were isolated and purified. Two hundred and eleven isolates were obtained using the monosporic method. Isolates clustered in 21 groups based on a multivariate analysis using morphometric, pathogenic and cultural data. For each group, one isolate was selected for molecular characterization. DNA was extracted using AP method, subsequently; polymerase chain reactions of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were performed using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The PCR products were sequenced in both directions with the Sanger method. Based on morphometric, pathogenic and cultural data, and the analysis of ITS sequences, we conclude that the isolates corresponding to Botrytis cinerea.

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          MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0.

          We announce the release of an advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis. In version 6.0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny. A new Timetree Wizard in MEGA6 facilitates this timetree inference by providing a graphical user interface (GUI) to specify the phylogeny and calibration constraints step-by-step. This version also contains enhanced algorithms to search for the optimal trees under evolutionary criteria and implements a more advanced memory management that can double the size of sequence data sets to which MEGA can be applied. Both GUI and command-line versions of MEGA6 can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            Molecular phylogeny of the plant pathogenic genus Botrytis and the evolution of host specificity.

            The cosmopolitan genus Botrytis contains 22 recognized species and one hybrid. The current classification is largely based on morphological characters and, to a minor extent, on physiology and host range. In this study, a classification of the genus was constructed based on DNA sequence data of three nuclear protein-coding genes (RPB2, G3PDH, and HSP60) and compared with the traditional classification. Sexual reproduction and the host range, important fitness traits, were traced in the tree and used for the identification of major evolutionary events during speciation. The phylogenetic analysis corroborated the classical species delineation. In addition, the hybrid status of B. allii (B. byssoidea x B. aclada) was confirmed. Both individual gene trees and combined trees show that the genus Botrytis can be divided into two clades, radiating after the separation of Botrytis from other Sclerotiniaceae genera. Clade 1 contains four species that all colonize exclusively eudicot hosts, whereas clade 2 contains 18 species that are pathogenic on either eudicot (3) or monocot (15) hosts. A comparison of Botrytis and angiosperm phylogenies shows that cospeciation of pathogens and their hosts have not occurred during their respective evolution. Rather, we propose that host shifts have occurred during Botrytis speciation, possibly by the acquisition of novel pathogenicity factors. Loss of sexual reproduction has occurred at least three times and is supposed to be a consequence of negative selection.
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              Impact of preharvest application of biological control agents on postharvest diseases of fresh fruits and vegetables

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmfi
                Revista mexicana de fitopatología
                Rev. mex. fitopatol
                Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C. (Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico )
                0185-3309
                2007-8080
                2019
                : 37
                : 3
                : 365-382
                Affiliations
                [4] Montecillo orgnameColegio de Postgraduados Mexico
                [3] San Luis Potosí orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí Mexico
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México orgdiv1Centro Universitario Mexico
                [1] Texcoco orgnameColegio de Postgraduados orgdiv1Programa de Fito-sanidad-Fitopatología Mexico
                Article
                S0185-33092019000300001 S0185-3309(19)03700300001
                10.18781/r.mex.fit.1906-1
                7d1bab70-16bd-497d-81f2-7a6091a611e2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 July 2019
                : 01 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 18
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                sequences analysis,characterization.,pathogenicity,PCR,análisis de secuencias,patogenicidad,caracterización

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