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      Los derechos fundamentales y sus alcances en el sistema federal: análisis sobre el caso de la píldora del día siguiente en la controversia constitucional 54/2009 Translated title: The fundamental rights and their reaches in the federal system: analysis on the case of the next choice pill in constitutional controversy 54/2009

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          Abstract

          Con la entrada en vigor de la NOM-046-SSA2-2005 se instauró la obligación para cualquier institución de salud de ofrecer la denominada píldora del día siguiente en aquellos casos en los cuales exista violencia de índole familiar y sexual contra las mujeres, buscando salvaguadar su integridad física y mental. Con su vigencia, y con su declaratoria de constitucionalidad por la Suprema Corte en la controversia 54/2009, se generó un presente poco favorable para el pleno ejercicio de la objeción de conciencia, el respeto a la vida desde la concepción y el adecuado entendimiento de lo que debe ser un ámbito de competencia federal integral. En la medida que los derechos humanos reconocidos en diversos ordenamientos no sean advertidos como factores reales de supremacía, su vigencia, reconocimiento y protección se verán seriamente mermados, conllevando una afectación a todo el sistema constitucional.

          Translated abstract

          When the NOM-046-SSA2-2005 was published, it established the obligation of any health services institution to provide the commonly called morning-after pill, in cases where there is sexual and family violence against women, apparently looking defend their physical and mental integrity. The fact is, with his force, and then, with its declared constitutional by the Supreme Court's Office in the controversy 54/2009, this generated a very favorable, for the full exercise of the objection awareness, respect for life from conception, and the proper understanding of what should be a comprehensive federal purview. To the extent that human rights recognized in various jurisdictions, such is the case of local constitutions-are not advised as real factors of supremacy, in effect, recognition and protection, will be seriously undermined, leading to an impairment to the whole constitutional system.

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          Most cited references42

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          Population effect of increased access to emergency contraceptive pills: a systematic review.

          We systematically reviewed data on effects of increased access to emergency contraceptive pills on pregnancy rates and use of the pills. We searched MEDLINE, POPLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS, and we consulted with experts. We included studies that compared the effect of different levels of access to emergency contraceptive pills on pregnancy rates, use of the pills, and other outcomes. Of the 717 articles identified, we selected 23 for review. The studies included randomized trials, cohort studies, and evaluations of community interventions. The quality of these studies varied. In all but one study, increased access to emergency contraceptive pills was associated with greater use. However, no study found an effect on pregnancy or abortion rates. Increased access to emergency contraceptive pills enhances use but has not been shown to reduce unintended pregnancy rates. Further research is needed to explain this finding and to define the best ways to use emergency contraception to produce a public health benefit.
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            Unintended pregnancy and use of emergency contraception among a large cohort of women attending for antenatal care or abortion in Scotland.

            Unintended pregnancy is common. Although many unintended pregnancies end in induced abortion, up to a third of those proceeding to birth might be unplanned. Some of these pregnancies could be prevented by emergency contraception. We have sought to establish how many pregnancies ending in either childbirth or abortion are unintended, and what proportion of women use emergency contraception to try to prevent pregnancy. 2908 women who attended an Edinburgh hospital for antenatal care and 907 attending for abortion fully completed a self-administered questionnaire including a validated measure of pregnancy intention and questions about emergency contraceptive use. 814 (89.7%) of 907 pregnancies among women requesting abortion were unintended compared with only 250 (8.6%) among 2908 women who planned to continue pregnancy. However, only 1909 (65.6%) of continuing pregnancies were intended. The rest of the women were ambivalent about pregnancy intention. In women who continued with their pregnancies intendedness was related to age, with unintended pregnancy most probable in young women (p<0.0001). Emergency contraception was used by 113 (11.8%) of women who requested abortion but only 40 (1%) of those planning to continue pregnancy. In those whose pregnancy was continuing, the proportions reporting use of emergency contraception were higher in young women than in older women and in those who reported that their pregnancies were unintended than in those who meant to become pregnant (both p<0.0001). Unintended pregnancy is common, even among women planning to continue pregnancy. However, EC use is low even among women with no intention of conceiving, and is thus unlikely to reduce unintended pregnancy rates. Rather, we need to find ways to improve the use of regular contraception.
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              Advanced provision of emergency contraception does not reduce abortion rates.

              A number of small studies have demonstrated increased use of emergency contraception (EC) when women have a supply available at home. It has been suggested that widespread use of EC could reduce abortion rates. We undertook a community intervention study designed to determine whether offering advanced supplies of EC to large numbers of women influenced abortion rates. All women aged between 16 and 29 years living in Lothian, Scotland, were offered, through health services, five courses of EC without cost to keep at home. Of a population of around 85,000 women in this age group, the study showed that an estimated 17,800 women took a supply of EC home and over 4500 of them gave at least one course to a friend. It was found that nearly half (45%) of women who had a supply used at least one course during the 28 months that the study lasted. In total, an estimated 8081 courses of EC were used. EC was used within 24 h after intercourse on 75% of occasions. Abortion rates in Lothian were compared with those from three other health board areas of Scotland. No effect on abortion rates was demonstrated with advanced provision of EC. The results of this study suggest that widespread distribution of advanced supplies of EC through health services may not be an effective way to reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancy in the UK.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cconst
                Cuestiones constitucionales
                Cuest. Const.
                Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, UNAM (México )
                1405-9193
                June 2014
                : 0
                : 30
                : 179-205
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Panamericana México
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México
                Article
                S1405-91932014000100007
                7d2b9401-0a5f-4b40-b393-330929c730b8

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Law

                General law
                Next choice pill,right to the life,invasion competitions,Official Mexican Norm,Píldora del día siguiente,derecho a la vida,invasión de competencias,norma oficial mexicana

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