A Developmental Study of Single Fiber Strength: Greenhouse Grown SJ-2 Acala Cotton

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Abstract

Single fiber strengths (breaking force in grams and breaking tenacity in g/tex) are reported for greenhouse grown SJ-2 Acala cotton fibers during growth and development. The developmental stages, which are defined by the age of the boll in the number of days post-anthesis (dpa) include primary wall formation, primary-to-secondary wall transition, secondary wall thickening, and maturity. A total of 54 bolls from 12 plants were used. Fiber properties were measured on the middle sections of fibers sampled from the middle section of the most developed ovules or seeds at the specific development stages. The most significant increases in single fiber breaking forces and fiber linear densities occurred up to 35 dpa and were correlated to seed fibers weighing up to 150 mg. Maximum breaking strength or tenacity of the SJ-2 cotton fibers is reached at 21 dpa. The absolute forces required to break individual fibers continue to increase with fiber development beyond 21 dpa without further increases in fiber tenacity. Dried seed fiber weight, fiber thickness, lengths between adjacent twists, and linear density (tex) have shown close relationships with the developmental stages and can serve as indicators for fiber development. Positional effects on single fiber strength were not revealed for bolls above the fourth fruiting branch.

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Changes in biochemical composition of the cell wall of the cotton fiber during development.

D Delmer, C Meinert (1977)

The composition of the cell wall of the cotton fiber (Gossypium hirsutum L. Acala SJ-1) has been studied from the early stages of elongation (5 days postanthesis) through the period of secondary wall formation, using cell walls derived both from fibers developing on the plant and from fibers obtained from excised, cultured ovules. The cell wall of the elongating cotton fiber was shown to be a dynamic structure. Expressed as a weight per cent of the total cell wall, cellulose, neutral sugars (rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, and noncellulosic glucose), uronic acids, and total protein undergo marked changes in content during the elongation period. As a way of analyzing absolute changes in the walls with time, data have also been expressed as grams component per millimeter of fiber length. Expressed in this way for plant-grown fibers, the data show that the thickness of the cell wall is relatively constant until about 12 days postanthesis; after this time it markedly increases until secondary wall cellulose deposition is completed. Between 12 and 16 days postanthesis increases in all components contribute to total wall increase per millimeter fiber length. The deposition of secondary wall cellulose begins at about 16 days postanthesis (at least 5 days prior to the cessation of elongation) and continues until about 32 days postanthesis. At the time of the onset of secondary wall cellulose deposition, a sharp decline in protein and uronic acid content occurs. The content of some of the individual neutral sugars changes during development, the most prominent change being a large increase in noncellulosic glucose which occurs just prior to the onset of secondary wall cellulose deposition. Methylation analyses indicate that this glucose, at least in part, is 3-linked. In contrast to the neutral sugars, no significant changes in cell wall amino acid composition are observed during fiber development.Compositional analyses of cell walls derived from culture-grown fibers indicate that these walls are remarkably similar to those derived from fibers grown on the plant, both in terms of composition and in terms of relative changes in composition during development.A comparison of our results on total cell wall composition and linkages of sugars as determined by a preliminary methylation analysis of unfractionated fiber walls indicates that the primary cell wall of cotton fibers is similar to that of primary cell walls of other dicotyledons and of gymnosperms as reported in the literature.