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      Endophthalmitis due to an intra-ocular linear foreign body in a cat

      case-report
      JFMS open reports
      SAGE Publications

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          Abstract

          Case summary

          An unusual case of an intraocular linear foreign body that migrated from the oral cavity, causing a severe endophthalmitis, in a cat is described. A 2-year-old female domestic shorthair cat presented with signs of infection from the left eye that had begun 2 weeks previously. Despite having been prescribed oral and topical antibiotics, there was a progressive worsening of the clinical signs. On ophthalmic examination the cat presented with severe endophthalmitis, secondary glaucoma and exposure keratitis of the left eye. Radiography demonstrated the presence of an intraocular linear metallic foreign body compatible with a sewing needle. During enucleation, when the globe was extracted, the sewing needle stayed in the orbit. When the needle was pulled away, a piece of thread was also retrieved, which demonstrated that the linear foreign body had migrated retrogradely from the oral cavity to the orbit through the pterygopalatine fossa. Surgical recovery was uneventful.

          Relevance and novel information

          Intraocular foreign bodies may present in a variety of ways, which may hinder their clinical detection. The management and prognosis depend on the composition and location of the foreign body, as well as the possible presence of secondary infection. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that a case of severe endophthalmitis following retrograde intraocular migration of a linear foreign body from the oral cavity to the orbit through the pterygopalatine fossa in a cat has been reported.

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          Most cited references8

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          Bacterial endophthalmitis: epidemiology, therapeutics, and bacterium-host interactions.

          Endophthalmitis is a severe inflammation of the interior of the eye caused by the introduction of contaminating microorganisms following trauma, surgery, or hematogenous spread from a distant infection site. Despite appropriate therapeutic intervention, bacterial endophthalmitis frequently results in visual loss, if not loss of the eye itself. Although the pathogenicity of bacterial endophthalmitis has historically been linked with toxin production during infection, a paucity of information exists as to the exact mechanisms of retinal toxicity and the triggers for induction of the intraocular immune response. Recently, research has begun to examine the bacterial and host molecular and cellular events that contribute to ocular damage during endophthalmitis. This review focuses on the causative agents and therapeutic challenges of bacterial endophthalmitis and provides current data from the analysis of the role of bacterial virulence factors and host inflammatory interactions in the pathogenesis of eye infections. Based on these and related studies, a hypothetical model for the molecular pathogenesis of bacterial endophthalmitis is proposed. Identifying and understanding the basic mechanisms of these bacterium-host interactions will provide the foundation for which novel, information-based therapeutic agents are developed in order to prevent vision loss during endophthalmitis.
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            Postoperative endophthalmitis: optimal management and the role and timing of vitrectomy surgery.

            To review the evolving role of pars plana vitrectomy, as well as other therapeutic modalities, in the treatment and prevention of postoperative endophthalmitis and its sequelae.
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              Peri-orbital foreign body: a case report

              Introduction Foreign bodies inside the orbital cavity are rare. They can cause more or less serious complications, depending on their nature and size. Case presentation We report a case of a work-related accident involving a peri-orbital foreign body. The patient was a 50-year-old Caucasian man whose face was injured on the right side while he was working with an agricultural machine. On admission, he was fully conscious and did not have any neurological deficits. He had no loss of vision or ocular motility, but had a laceration of the lateral side of his right upper eyelid. A computed tomographic scan revealed a 6-cm-long bended metal object lodged in the lateral bulbar space of the right orbit. The patient recovered well after surgery and a course of antibiotic therapy. Conclusion The original aspects of this case are the singularity of the foreign body and its relative harmlessness in spite of its large size.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                JFMS Open Rep
                JFMS Open Rep
                JOR
                spjor
                JFMS open reports
                SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                2055-1169
                01 June 2015
                Jan-Jun 2015
                : 1
                : 1
                : 2055116915585018
                Affiliations
                [1-2055116915585018]CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
                Author notes
                [*]Esmeralda Delgado DVM, MSc, PhD, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal Email: esmeralda@ 123456fmv.utl.pt
                Article
                10.1177_2055116915585018
                10.1177/2055116915585018
                5362851
                7d89609f-0633-4e80-b892-7b4d1cc81f4c
                © The Author(s) 2015

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page( http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm).

                History
                : 08 August 2014
                Categories
                Case Report
                Custom metadata
                January-June 2015

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