[1
]Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California,
Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
[2
]Department of Geosciences, and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, The Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
[3
]Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej
399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
[4
]School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.
[5
]Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Box 122, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland.
[6
]Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303,
USA.
[7
]Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL 60022, USA.
[8
]Neukom Institute for Computational Science, Institute of Arctic Studies, and Environmental
Studies Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
[9
]Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE
40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
[10
]Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science and Department of Geosciences, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
[11
]Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
[12
]University College London, Bloomsbury, London, UK.
[13
]National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
[14
]Chair, U.S. Arctic Research Commission, 420 L Street, Suite 315 Anchorage, AK 99501,
USA.
[15
]Chair, U.S. Artic Research Commission, 4350 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 510, Arlington,
VA 22203, USA.
[16
]Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs John F. Kennedy School of Government,
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
[17
]Institute of Arctic Studies, and Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College,
Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
[18
]Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
[19
]National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory,
Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
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