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      A regulamentação da propaganda de alimentos no Brasil: convergências e conflitos de interesses Translated title: Regulation of food advertising in Brazil: convergence and conflicts of interest Translated title: La regulación de la publicidad de alimentos en Brasil: convergencias y conflictos de interés

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          Abstract

          O presente estudo objetivou desenvolver uma análise comparativa entre o documento proposto para regulamentar a publicidade de alimentos não saudáveis e de bebidas de baixo valor nutricional, levado à consulta pública em 2006, e a Resolução aprovada em 2010. A análise se pautou em dados provenientes de documentos legais referentes à regulamentação da propaganda de alimentos, na identificação dos atores-chave e dos argumentos que fundamentaram seus discursos. Verificou-se que a Resolução aprovada se apresenta menos detalhada e rigorosa sob o ponto de vista regulatório. Foram retiradas proibições e exigências sobre o formato, o conteúdo e os temas das propagandas de alimentos, em especial as voltadas ao público infantil. Faz-se necessário fortalecer a discussão sobre o que é a esfera pública, como ela se constrói, o que são interesses públicos e quais mecanismos e processos podem contribuir para garanti-los.

          Translated abstract

          This study conducted a comparative analysis of a bill to regulate advertising for unhealthy food and beverages with low nutritional value, submitted to public hearings in 2006, and the Resolution passed in 2010. The analysis was based on data from official documents pertaining to food advertising, identification of key actors, and their underlying arguments. As approved, the Resolution is less detailed and rigorous from the regulatory perspective. The final documents removed bans and requirements on the format, content, and theme of food advertising, especially targeting children. Stronger discussion is needed on the constitution of the public arena, public interests, and the mechanisms and processes to help guarantee them.

          Translated abstract

          El objetivo del estudio fue desarrollar un análisis comparativo entre el documento propuesto para regular la publicidad de alimentos poco saludables y bebidas de bajo valor nutricional, sobre el que se realizó una consulta pública en 2006, y la resolución adoptada al respecto en 2010. El análisis se basó en datos de documentos legales relacionados con la regulación de la publicidad de alimentos, identificación de los actores y argumentos fundamentales que guiaron sus discursos. Se encontró que la resolución adoptada se presenta menos detallada y exacta desde el punto de vista reglamentario. Se eliminaron las prohibiciones y requisitos sobre el formato, el contenido y los temas sobre publicidad de alimentos, especialmente los dirigidos a los niños. Es necesario fortalecer la discusión de lo que es la esfera pública, ya que se basa en cuáles son los intereses públicos y qué mecanismos y procesos pueden contribuir a garantizarlos.

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          Most cited references57

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          Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases.

          Shifting dietary patterns, a decline in energy expenditure associated with a sedentary lifestyle, an ageing population--together with tobacco use and alcohol consumption--are major risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and pose an increasing challenge to public health. This report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation reviews the evidence on the effects of diet and nutrition on chronic diseases and makes recommendations for public health policies and strategies that encompass societal, behavioural and ecological dimensions. Although the primary aim of the Consultation was to set targets related to diet and nutrition, the importance of physical activity was also emphasized. The Consultation considered diet in the context of the macro-economic implications of public health recommendations on agriculture and the global supply and demand for fresh and processed foodstuffs. In setting out ways to decrease the burden of chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (including hypertension and stroke), cancer, dental diseases and osteoporosis, this report proposes that nutrition should be placed at the forefront of public health policies and programmes. This report will be of interest to policy-makers and public health professionals alike, in a wide range of disciplines including nutrition, general medicine and gerontology. It shows how, at the population level, diet and exercise throughout the life course can reduce the threat of a global epidemic of chronic diseases.
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            The economics of obesity: dietary energy density and energy cost.

            Highest rates of obesity and diabetes in the United States are found among the lower-income groups. The observed links between obesity and socioeconomic position may be related to dietary energy density and energy cost. Refined grains, added sugars, and added fats are among the lowest-cost sources of dietary energy. They are inexpensive, good tasting, and convenient. In contrast, the more nutrient-dense lean meats, fish, fresh vegetables, and fruit generally cost more. An inverse relationship between energy density of foods (kilojoules per gram) and their energy cost (dollars per megajoule) means that the more energy-dense diets are associated with lower daily food consumption costs and may be an effective way to save money. However, economic decisions affecting food choice may have physiologic consequences. Laboratory studies suggest that energy-dense foods and energy-dense diets have a lower satiating power and may result in passive overeating and therefore weight gain. Epidemiologic analyses suggest that the low-cost energy-dense diets also tend to be nutrient poor. If the rise in obesity rates is related to the growing price disparity between healthy and unhealthy foods, then the current strategies for obesity prevention may need to be revised. Encouraging low-income families to consume healthier but more costly foods to prevent future disease can be construed as an elitist approach to public health. Limiting access to inexpensive foods through taxes on frowned upon fats and sweets is a regressive measure. The broader problem may lie with growing disparities in incomes and wealth, declining value of the minimum wage, food imports, tariffs, and trade. Evidence is emerging that obesity in America is a largely economic issue.
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              Television food advertising to children: a global perspective.

              We compared television food advertising to children in several countries. We undertook a collaboration among 13 research groups in Australia, Asia, Western Europe, and North and South America. Each group recorded programming for 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days between 6:00 and 22:00, for the 3 channels most watched by children, between October 2007 and March 2008. We classified food advertisements as core (nutrient dense, low in energy), noncore (high in undesirable nutrients or energy, as defined by dietary standards), or miscellaneous. We also categorized thematic content (promotional characters and premiums). Food advertisements composed 11% to 29% of advertisements. Noncore foods were featured in 53% to 87% of food advertisements, and the rate of noncore food advertising was higher during children's peak viewing times. Most food advertisements containing persuasive marketing were for noncore products. Across all sampled countries, children were exposed to high volumes of television advertising for unhealthy foods, featuring child-oriented persuasive techniques. Because of the proven connections between food advertising, preferences, and consumption, our findings lend support to calls for regulation of food advertising during children's peak viewing times.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                June 2014
                : 30
                : 6
                : 1219-1228
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal Fluminense Brazil
                [2 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2014000601219
                10.1590/0102-311X00183912
                25099045
                7e821450-9fa8-40c0-98fc-9f3f944f2358

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Products Publicity Control,Food Security,Advertisements,Control de la Publicidad de Productos,Seguridad Alimentaria,Anuncios,Controle da Publicidade de Produtos,Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional,Anúncios

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