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      Managing nitrogen for sustainable development.

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          Abstract

          Improvements in nitrogen use efficiency in crop production are critical for addressing the triple challenges of food security, environmental degradation and climate change. Such improvements are conditional not only on technological innovation, but also on socio-economic factors that are at present poorly understood. Here we examine historical patterns of agricultural nitrogen-use efficiency and find a broad range of national approaches to agricultural development and related pollution. We analyse examples of nitrogen use and propose targets, by geographic region and crop type, to meet the 2050 global food demand projected by the Food and Agriculture Organization while also meeting the Sustainable Development Goals pertaining to agriculture recently adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. Furthermore, we discuss socio-economic policies and technological innovations that may help achieve them.

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          Most cited references55

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          How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world

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            Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey

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              The Rise and Fall of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nature
                Nature
                Springer Nature
                1476-4687
                0028-0836
                Dec 03 2015
                : 528
                : 7580
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
                [2 ] Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
                [3 ] Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland 21532, USA.
                [4 ] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
                [5 ] Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), 75116, Paris, France.
                [6 ] Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Developpement (CIRED), 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne, France.
                [7 ] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
                Article
                nature15743
                10.1038/nature15743
                26595273
                7f70b19e-a096-401a-af97-bb7cc2878428
                History

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