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      Temporada reproductiva del lobo fino austral, Arctocephalus australis (Zimmerman, 1783) en la Isla Guafo, Chiloé, Chile Translated title: Breeding season of the southern fur seal, Arctocephalus australis at Guafo Island, southern Chile

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          Abstract

          A lo largo del litoral sudamericano se registran ejemplares del lobo fino austral (Arctocephalus australis), especie que al establecerse en una amplia área de distribución, presentaría una marcada sincronización reproductiva y un fuerte efecto latitudinal sobre sus patrones reproductivos. En este trabajo se revisarán los patrones reproductivos de A. australis en Isla Guafo (43°33° S, 74°51' O, Chile), determinando existencia de una sincronización y estabilidad temporal en los partos, cópulas y en la estacionalidad de los territorios durante dos temporadas reproductivas consecutivas. Se determinó la presencia de machos territoriales desde mediados de noviembre a principios de febrero, registrándose el máximo para ambas temporadas, durante la cuarta semana de diciembre. El periodo de sincronización de pariciones, se estimó entre la primera y cuarta semana de diciembre con una duración promedio de 28,5 ± 2,1 días. La fecha media de partos, se estimó el día 15,5 de diciembre. La fecha media de cópulas se registró el día 19 ± 1,4 de diciembre con un periodo de sincronización de 29 ±4,2 días de duración. Empleando la fecha media de cópulas y partos, se estimó un ciclo reproductivo cercano a 11 meses y 27 días para la especie en Guafo. Solo se determinaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para la fecha del máximo de partos entre temporadas, no así para las cópulas ni la estacionalidad de los territorios. Fue posible determinar estabilidad en el tamaño poblacional y estructura etaria, no así en el índice de poliginia HPMT. Aunque se determinó una diferencia estadística en la fecha de pariciones, fue posible identificar una marcada estacionalidad y sincronización reproductiva para la especie (cerca de 30 días). Conjuntamente, se determinó que los patrones reproductivos evaluados presentaron una estabilidad temporal en el sector, condición compartida con el resto de Otáridos de ambientes templados. Mediante comparación de los resultados obtenidos, con aquellas presentados para Sudamérica, se evidenciaron diferencias cercanas a 30 días en la fecha de partos, cópulas y establecimiento de los territorios. Esta información debe ser actualizada con urgencia para entender con ayuda de las herramientas filogeográficas la historia ecológica y evolutiva de esta especie en el Neotrópico

          Translated abstract

          The southern fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) has colonised an ample geographic coverage in South America. The population should present there reproductive synchronization and a strong latitudinal effect on its reproductive activities. This research intends to review those reproductive activities on Guafo island (43°33' S, 74°51' W, Chile) looking after the existence of synchronization and stability during successive breeding seasons, considering birthing, mating and territorial seasonality. During both seasons we observed territorial males from the end of November to beginning of February, counting most of them during the 4th week in December. The period of synchronization for births was registered between the first and fourth week of December with a mean duration of 28.5 ± 2.1 days. The average maximum date for birthing on Guafo Island was estimated for the day 15, 5 of December. The period of mating synchronization was registered on a similar date to the birthing. However, the mean date of mating was estimated to be day 19 ±1.4 during December with a synchronization period of 29 ± 4.2 days of duration. By using the average mating and birth dates we estimated the reproductive cycle in about 11 months 27 days for the species at Guafo. We only determined statistically significant differences for the date of maximum birth between seasons, not for mating neither for the seasonality of territories. We could determine stability for the population size and age cohorts but not for the poliginic index HPMT. Even when we obtained statistical differences for the birth dates, we could identify a marked seasonality and reproductive synchronization for the species (about 30 days). At the same time we could determine that the evaluated reproductive patterns presented a temporal stability in the region, a condition shared with the rest of the Otariids of temperate environments. By comparing results with those presented for other sites in South America we evidenced differences in about 30 days for the dates of birthing, mating and territory establishments. This information has to be actualized as soon as possible for understanding with actual filogeographic tools the ecological history and evolution of this species in the Neotropics

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          Biostatistical Analysis

          Designed for one/two-semester, junior/graduate-level courses in Biostatistics, Biometry, Quantitative Biology, or Statistics, the latest edition of this best-selling biostatistics text is both comprehensive and easy to read. It provides a broad and practical overview of the statistical analysis methods used by researchers to collect, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from biological research data. The Fourth Edition can serve as either an introduction to the discipline for beginning students or a comprehensive procedural reference for today's practitioners.
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            Drastic effects of El Ni�o on Galapagos pinnipeds

            Population dynamics of pinnipeds living in the tropical upwelling ecosystem of the Galapagos were strongly influenced by the 1982-83 Southern Oscillation-El Niño (EN) event which was the strongest recorded in this century. The Galapagos fur seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) population lost the four youngest year classes (1980-1983) almost entirely and approximately 30% of the adult females and non-territorial males. Mortality of large territorial males was almost 100%. Most of the 1982 year class of Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus californianus wollebaeki) died and there was a much lower pup production in the breeding season following EN. Recurrent EN events must strongly influence age structure and average population size of these and other otariid species depending on tropical upwelling ecosystems.
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              ENERGETICS OF A BENTHIC DIVER: SEASONAL FORAGING ECOLOGY OF THE AUSTRALIAN SEA LION, NEOPHOCA CINEREA

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchnat
                Revista chilena de historia natural
                Rev. chil. hist. nat.
                Sociedad de Biología de Chile (Santiago, , Chile )
                0716-078X
                March 2008
                : 81
                : 1
                : 137-149
                Affiliations
                [01] Valdivia orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Instituto de Zoología Chile hpaves@ 123456surnet.cl
                Article
                S0716-078X2008000100011 S0716-078X(08)08100111
                10.4067/S0716-078X2008000100011
                80b18c88-03c2-413f-974a-689e6d83a7cb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 September 2006
                : 21 August 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICULOS

                sincronización reproductiva,poliginia,reproductive synchronization,Arctocephalus australis,reproductive patterns,patrones reproductivos,polygyny

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