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      Pharmacological adherence to oral anticoagulant and factors that influence the international normalized ratio stability Translated title: Adhesión farmacológica al anticoagulante oral y factores que influyen en la estabilidad del índice de estandarización internacional Translated title: Adesão farmacológica ao anticoagulante oral e os fatores que influenciam na estabilidade do índice de normatização internacional

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          Abstract

          Cross-sectional study developed to relate the international normalized ratio (INR), used as a parameter to monitor the levels of blood clotting, stability to adherence, age, level of education, socioeconomic level, interaction with other drugs, comorbidities, vitamin K intake, anticoagulation time and drug cost. 156 patients were included, mean age 57±13 years, (53.8%) male, 61 (39.1%) had high adherence, 91 (58.3%) medium and 4 (2.6%) low adherence to treatment, 117 (75%) had INR stability up to 50% and 39 (25%) > 75%, patients with shorter time of anticoagulation presented higher stability, those who spent less on the drug remained more stable and had better adherence. It was concluded that more than 90% of patients had high and medium adherence and that the anticoagulation time and drug cost were the factors related to the anticoagulation stability.

          Translated abstract

          Se trata de un estudio transversal, desarrollado con el objetivo de relacionar la estabilidad del índice de estandarización internacional (INR), utilizado como parámetro para monitorizar los niveles de coagulación de la sangre, con adhesión, edad, escolaridad, nivel socioeconómico, interacción con otras medicaciones, comorbilidad, ingesta de vitamina K, tiempo de anticoagulación (ACO) y costo con medicamentos. Se incluyeron 156 pacientes, edad promedio 57±13 años, 53,8% perteneciente al sexo masculino; 61 (39,1%) tuvieron alta adhesión, 91 (58,3%) promedio y 4 (2,6%) baja adhesión al tratamiento; 117 (75%) presentaron estabilidad del INR de hasta 50% y 39 (25%) > a 75%; los pacientes con menor tiempo de ACO presentaron mayor estabilidad; aquellos que gastaban menos con la medicación permanecían más estables y con mejor adhesión. Se concluyó que más del 90% de los pacientes presentaron adhesión alta y promedio, y que el tiempo de anticoagulación y el costo con la medicación fueron los factores relacionados a la estabilidad de la ACO.

          Translated abstract

          Este é um estudo transversal, desenvolvido com o objetivo de relacionar a estabilidade do índice de normatização internacional (INR), utilizado como parâmetro para monitorar os níveis de coagulação do sangue, com adesão, idade, escolaridade, nível socioeconômico, interação com outras medicações, comorbidades, ingesta de vitamina K, tempo de anticoagulação (ACO) e custo com medicações. Incluíram-se 156 pacientes, idade média 57±13 anos, 53,8% pertencente ao sexo masculino; 61 (39,1%) tiveram alta adesão, 91 (58,3%) média e 4 (2,6%) baixa adesão ao tratamento; 117 (75%) apresentaram estabilidade do INR de até 50% e 39 (25%) > a 75%; pacientes com menor tempo de ACO apresentaram maior estabilidade; aqueles que gastavam menos com a medicação permaneciam mais estáveis e com melhor adesão. Concluiu-se que mais de 90% dos pacientes apresentaram alta e média adesão referida, e que tempo de anticoagulação e custo com a medicação foram os fatores relacionados à estabilidade da ACO.

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          Most cited references28

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          Concurrent and Predictive Validity of a Self-reported Measure of Medication Adherence

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            Systematic overview of warfarin and its drug and food interactions.

            Warfarin is a highly efficacious oral anticoagulant, but its use is limited by a well-founded fear of bleeding. Drug and food interactions are frequently cited as causes of adverse events with warfarin. We provide an updated systematic overview of the quality, clinical effect, and importance of these reported interactions. MEDLINE, TOXLINE, IPA, and EMBASE databases from October 1993 to March 2004. Database searches combined the keyword warfarin with drug interactions, herbal medicines, Chinese herbal drugs, and food-drug interactions. Eligible articles contained original reports of warfarin drug or food interactions in human subjects. Non-English articles were included if sufficient information could be abstracted. Reports were rated independently by 2 investigators for interaction direction, clinical severity, and quality of evidence. Quality of evidence was based on previously validated causation criteria and study design. Of 642 citations retrieved, 181 eligible articles contained original reports on 120 drugs or foods. Inter-rater agreement was excellent, with weighted kappa values of 0.84 to 1.00. Of all reports, 72% described a potentiation of warfarin's effect and 84% were of poor quality, 86% of which were single case reports. The 31 incidents of clinically significant bleeding were all single case reports. Newly reported interactions included celecoxib, rofecoxib, and herbal substances, such as green tea and danshen. The number of drugs reported to interact with warfarin continues to expand. While most reports are of poor quality and present potentially misleading conclusions, the consistency of reports of interactions with azole antibiotics, macrolides, quinolones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, omeprazole, lipid-lowering agents, amiodarone, and fluorouracil, suggests that coadministration with warfarin should be avoided or closely monitored. More systematic study of warfarin drug interactions in patients is urgently needed.
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              Hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition).

              This article about hemorrhagic complications of anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment is part of the Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Bleeding is the major complication of anticoagulant and fibrinolytic therapy. The criteria for defining the severity of bleeding vary considerably between studies, accounting in part for the variation in the rates of bleeding reported. The major determinants of vitamin K antagonist (VKA)-induced bleeding are the intensity of the anticoagulant effect, underlying patient characteristics, and the length of therapy. There is good evidence that VKA therapy, targeted international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5 (range, 2.0-3.0), is associated with a lower risk of bleeding than therapy targeted at an INR > 3.0. The risk of bleeding associated with IV unfractionated heparin (UFH) in patients with acute venous thromboembolism is 70 years). Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is associated with less major bleeding compared with UFH in acute venous thromboembolism. Higher doses of UFH and LMWH are associated with important increases in major bleeding in ischemic stroke. In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, addition of LMWH, hirudin, or its derivatives to thrombolytic therapy is associated with a small increase in the risk of major bleeding, whereas treatment with fondaparinux or UFH is associated with a lower risk of bleeding. Thrombolytic therapy increases the risk of major bleeding 1.5-fold to threefold in patients with acute venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, or ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rlae
                Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
                Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem
                Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo (, SP, Brazil )
                0104-1169
                1518-8345
                February 2011
                : 19
                : 1
                : 18-25
                Affiliations
                [01] RS orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem orgdiv2Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Brazil
                [02] RS orgnameHospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Brazil
                [03] RS orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem Brazil
                Article
                S0104-11692011000100004 S0104-1169(11)01900104
                80d9d5e1-32c0-4d20-b136-45982168686c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 January 2010
                : 30 September 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Original Articles

                International Normalized Ratio,Anticoagulants,Monitorização Ambulatorial,Coeficiente Internacional Normatizado,Anticoagulantes,Monitoreo Ambulatorio,Relación Normalizada Internacional,Monitoring, Ambulatory

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