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      Urochloa decumbens growth and P uptake as affected by long-term phosphate fertilization, mycorrhizal inoculation and historical land use in contrasting Oxisols of the Brazilian Cerrado Translated title: Crescimento e absorção de P por Urochloa decumbens afetado por longos períodos de adubação fosfatada, inoculação micorrízica e histórico de uso em Latossolos contrastantes do Cerrado brasileiro

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT In the fertility management of highly weathered-leached Brazilian Oxisols, P is the most limiting macronutrient. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate the influence of the interaction between P doses, mycorrhizal inoculation and historical land use on Urochloa decumbens growth and P uptake in four Oxisols with contrasting chemical, physical and mineralogical properties. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots containing 4 kg of soil in a completely randomized design, four replications and 2x2x2 factorial scheme: with two P doses; with and without mycorrhizal inoculation; soils cultivated for long periods and non-cultivated (under native vegetation). There were two plantings of ten weeks each. Shoot dry mater, concentration and accumulation of P in the shoot were evaluated. In the first planting, the Urochloa response was greater in non-cultivated soils associated with inoculation and P addition. However, in the second planting, the inoculation had a greater effect in all soils compared to the first planting associated with the lowest P dose. As the P concentration in the soil increased, P in the shoot dry matter increases. The inoculation did not affect the P concentration and accumulation in the shoot of Urochloa. The growth of Urochloa decumbens was strongly influenced by the interaction among soil class x history of land use x dose of P x inoculation.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO No manejo da fertilidade de Latossolos brasileiros altamente intemperizados e lixiviados, o P é o macronutriente mais limitante. Assim, conduziu-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, objetivando-se avaliar a influência da interação entre doses de P, inoculação micorrízica e histórico de uso do solo no crescimento de Urochloa decumbens e absorção de P, em quatro Latossolos com atributos químicos, físicos e mineralógicos contrastantes. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos contendo 4 kg de solo, dispostos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e esquema fatorial 2x2x2: duas doses de P; com e sem inoculação micorrízica; solos cultivados por longos períodos e não cultivados (sob vegetação nativa). Realizaram-se dois cultivos com duração de 10 semanas cada. Após cada cultivo avaliaram-se a matéria seca da parte aérea, teor e acúmulo de P na parte aérea. No primeiro cultivo, maior resposta ao P aconteceu nos solos sob vegetação nativa em associação à inoculação e adição de P. No segundo cultivo, a inoculação teve maior efeito em todos os solos, associada à menor dose de P. O aumento do P no solo aumenta a concentração desse nutriente na parte aérea. A inoculação não teve efeito na concentração e no acúmulo de P na parte aérea de Urochloa. O crescimento de Urochloa decumbens foi fortemente influenciado pela interação entre classe de solo x histórico de uso da terra x dose de P x inoculação.

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          Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant phosphorus nutrition: interactions between pathways of phosphorus uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots have important implications for understanding and manipulating plant phosphorus acquisition.

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            Manual de Métodos de Análises de Solo

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              Interactions between Nitrogen Fixation, Mycorrhizal Colonization, and Host-Plant Growth in the Phaseolus-Rhizobium-Glomus Symbiosis.

              Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Dwarf) roots were inoculated with Rhizobium phaseoli and colonized by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus fasciculatum Gerd. and Trappe or left uncolonized as controls. The symbiotic associations were grown in an inert substrate using 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 milligrams hydroxyapatite (HAP) (Ca(10)[PO(4)](6)[OH](2)) per pot as a P amendment. Plant and nodule dry weights and nodule activity increased for both VAM and control plants with increasing P availability, but values for VAM plants were significantly lower in all parameters than for controls. Inhibition of growth and of N(2) fixation in VAM plants was greatest at the lowest and highest P regimes. It was smallest at 50 milligrams HAP, where available P at harvest (7 weeks after planting) was 5 micrograms P per gram substrate. At this level of P availability, the association apparently benefited from increased P uptake by the fungal endophyte. Percent P values for shoots, roots, and nodules did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between VAM and control plants. The extent of colonization, fungal biomass, and the fungus/association dry weight ratio increased several fold as HAP was increased from 0 to 200 milligrams. It is concluded that intersymbiont competition for P and photosynthate was the primary cause for the inhibition of growth, nodulation, and nodule activity in VAM plants. Impaired N(2) fixation resulted in N stress which contributed to inhibition of host plant growth at all levels of P availability.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cagro
                Ciência e Agrotecnologia
                Ciênc. agrotec.
                Editora da Universidade Federal de Lavras (Lavras, MG, Brazil )
                1413-7054
                1981-1829
                April 2017
                : 41
                : 2
                : 209-219
                Affiliations
                [2] Belém PA orgnameInstituto Tecnológico Vale/ITV Brasil
                [1] Rio de Janeiro Distrito Federal orgnameEmbrapa orgdiv2Solos Brazil
                [3] Lavras Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Lavras orgdiv1Departamento de Ciência do Solo/DCS Brazil
                Article
                S1413-70542017000200209
                10.1590/1413-70542017412042516
                80e59a91-c2b1-4a3b-9b9c-1684d9cbbd6e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 November 2016
                : 05 December 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Cultivo por longos períodos,Latossolos,P-disponível.,Long-term cultivation,Latosols,available P.

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