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      What Happens to Those Who Exit Jehovah’s Witnesses: An Investigation of the Impact of Shunning

      research-article
      Author(s):
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Pastoral Psychology
      Publisher: Springer US
      Keywords: Shunning, Ostracism, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Fundamentalism, Disfellowshipping, Familicide, Suicide

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          Abstract

          Shunning and ostracism have severe impacts on individuals’ psychological and social well-being. Members of Jehovah’s Witnesses are subject to shunning when they do not comply with the stated doctrine or belief system. To investigate the effects of shunning, interviews with 10 former Jehovah’s Witnesses, ranging in age from 20 to 44 years old, were conducted; six male, six White, one Native American, one Black, and two Latinx. Transcripts were analyzed with interpretative phenomenological analysis for narrative themes pertaining to their life after exclusion from their former faith using the context of Jehovah’s Witnesses culture. Results suggest shunning has a long-term, detrimental effect on mental health, job possibilities, and life satisfaction. Problems are amplified in female former members due to heavy themes of sexism and patriarchal narratives pervasive in Jehovah’s Witnesses culture. Feelings of loneliness, loss of control, and worthlessness are also common after leaving. The culture of informing on other members inside the Jehovah’s Witnesses also leads to a continued sense of distrust and suspicion long after leaving.

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          Chapter 6 Ostracism

          Kipling D Williams (2009)
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            The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA): A Guide to a Good Qualitative Research Approach

            Abayomi Alase (2017)
            As a research methodology, qualitative research method infuses an added advantage to the exploratory capability that researchers need to explore and investigate their research studies. Qualitative methodology allows researchers to advance and apply their interpersonal and subjectivity skills to their research exploratory processes. However, in a study with an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach, the advantageous elements of the study quadruple because of the bonding relationship that the approach allows for the researchers to develop with their research participants. Furthermore, as a qualitative research approach, IPA gives researchers the best opportunity to understand the innermost deliberation of the ‘lived experiences’ of research participants. As an approach that is ‘participant-oriented’, interpretative phenomenological analysis approach allows the interviewees (research participants) to express themselves and their ‘lived experience’ stories the way they see fit without any distortion and/or prosecution. Therefore, utilizing the IPA approach in a qualitative research study reiterates the fact that its main objective and essence are to explore the ‘lived experiences’ of the research participants and allow them to narrate the research findings through their ‘lived experiences’. As such, this paper discusses the historical background of phenomenology as both a theory and a qualitative research approach, an approach that has transitioned into an interpretative analytical tradition. Furthermore, as a resource tool to novice qualitative researchers, this paper provides a step-by-step comprehensive guide to help prepare and equip researchers with ways to utilize and apply the IPA approach in their qualitative research studies.  More importantly, this paper also provides an advanced in-depth analysis and usability application for the IPA approach in a qualitatively conducted research study. As such, this paper completely contrasted itself from many books and articles that are written with the premise of providing useful and in-depth information on the subject-matter (phenomenology, as a qualitative approach).
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              Self-harm in older adults: systematic review

              M. Troya, Opeyemi Babatunde, Kay Polidano … (2019)
              Self-harm is a major public health concern. Increasing ageing populations and high risk of suicide in later life highlight the importance of identification of the particular characteristics of self-harm in older adults. To systematically review characteristics of self-harm in older adults. A comprehensive search for primary studies on self-harm in older adults was conducted in e-databases (AgeLine, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science) from their inception to February 2018. Using predefined criteria, articles were independently screened and assessed for methodological quality. Data were synthesised following a narrative approach. A patient advisory group advised on the design, conduct and interpretation of findings. A total of 40 articles ( n = 62 755 older adults) were included. Yearly self-harm rates were 19 to 65 per 100 000 people. Self-poisoning was the most commonly reported method. Comorbid physical problems were common. Increased risk repetition was reported among older adults with self-harm history and previous and current psychiatric treatment. Loss of control, increased loneliness and perceived burdensome ageing were reported self-harm motivations. Self-harm in older adults has distinct characteristics that should be explored to improve management and care. Although risk of further self-harm and suicide is high in all age cohorts, risk of suicide is higher in older adults. Given the frequent contact with health services, an opportunity exists for detection and prevention of self-harm and suicide in this population. These results are limited to research in hospital-based settings and community-based studies are needed to fully understand self-harm among older adults. None.
              Article 0 comments Cited 44 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Rosie Luther:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-1931
                petittom@my.easternct.edu
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pastoral Psychol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pastoral Psychol
                Title: Pastoral Psychology
                Publisher: Springer US (New York )
                ISSN (Print): 0031-2789
                ISSN (Electronic): 1573-6679
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 December 2022
                Pages: 1-16
                Affiliations
                GRID grid.412128.c, Department of Psychology, , Eastern Connecticut State University, ; 83 Windham St, Willimantic, CT 06226 USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-1931
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1051
                DOI: 10.1007/s11089-022-01051-x
                PMC ID: 9803876
                SO-VID: 81a1e4c8-2c7a-4644-b967-7343b5ad67a3
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date accepted : 24 September 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: shunning,ostracism,jehovah’s witnesses,fundamentalism,disfellowshipping,familicide,suicide
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: shunning, ostracism, jehovah’s witnesses, fundamentalism, disfellowshipping, familicide, suicide

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