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      Wildlife predation by dogs in Madagascar

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          Abstract

          Human–wildlife conflicts are increasing in number and intensity making conflict mitigation and coexistence a top priority for wildlife conservation. Domesticated dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris) can mitigate or exacerbate human–wildlife conflict leading to positive and negative impacts on both humans and wildlife. However, the human–dog–wildlife interface is not well understood, particularly in biodiversity hot spots. Madagascar is a tropical biodiversity hot spot with many rare and threatened species of high conservation concern. Here we assess wildlife predation by free‐roaming dogs in communities surrounding Andasibe–Mantadia and Ranomafana National Parks in eastern Madagascar using surveys of dog owners living adjacent to protected areas. Nearly half of survey respondents reported that their dog(s) had killed wildlife. Dogs that spent more time away from home, that traveled to the forest more frequently, that had killed domestic livestock, and that were owned for hunting were more likely to have killed wildlife. Dogs that were fed were approximately 20% less likely to have killed wildlife than dogs that were not fed. Keeping dogs restrained more often and providing food are therefore likely to reduce wildlife predation by dogs provided these are socially acceptable options. Additionally, we found spatial variation in wildlife predation by dogs both between and within our two study regions. These results can help conservation organizations develop targeted, effective interventions appropriately tailored to the local context and prioritize specific areas with higher wildlife predation by dogs.

          Abstract in French is available with online material.

          Résumé

          Les conflits homme‐faune augmentent en nombre et en intensité, faisant de l’atténuation des conflits et de la coexistence une priorité absolue pour la conservation de la faune sauvage. Les chiens domestiqués ( Canis lupus familiaris) peuvent atténuer ou exacerber ces conflits, entraînant des impacts positifs et négatifs à la fois sur les humains et la faune. Cependant, l’interface homme‐chien‐faune n’est pas bien comprise, en particulier dans les zones haut lieu de la biodiversité. Madagascar est un hotspot de biodiversité tropicale avec de nombreuses espèces rares et menacées qui sont de grande préoccupation pour la conservation. Ici, nous évaluons la prédation de la faune par les chiens en liberté dans les communautés entourant les parcs nationaux d’Andasibe‐Mantadia et de Ranomafana dans l’est de Madagascar par le biais d’enquêtes auprès de propriétaires de chiens vivant à proximité des aires protégées. Près de la moitié des répondants au questionnaire ont déclaré que leur(s) chien(s) avaient tué des animaux sauvages. Les chiens qui passaient plus de temps loin de chez eux, qui se rendaient plus fréquemment dans la forêt, qui tuaient des animaux domestiques et qui étaient possédés pour la chasse étaient plus susceptibles d’avoir tué des animaux sauvages. Les chiens qui ont été nourris étaient environ 20% moins susceptibles d’avoir tué des animaux sauvages que les chiens qui n’ont pas été nourris. Garder les chiens en clôture plus souvent et fournir de la nourriture sont donc susceptibles de réduire la prédation de la faune par les chiens à condition que ce soient des options socialement acceptables. De plus, nous avons trouvé une variation spatiale de la prédation de la faune par les chiens à la fois entre et au sein de nos deux régions d’étude. Ces résultats peuvent aider les organismes de conservation à élaborer des interventions ciblées et efficaces adaptées au contexte local et à prioriser des zones particulières où la prédation par les chiens est plus élevée.

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          Most cited references40

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          Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.

          Conservationists are far from able to assist all species under threat, if only for lack of funding. This places a premium on priorities: how can we support the most species at the least cost? One way is to identify 'biodiversity hotspots' where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat. As many as 44% of all species of vascular plants and 35% of all species in four vertebrate groups are confined to 25 hotspots comprising only 1.4% of the land surface of the Earth. This opens the way for a 'silver bullet' strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on these hotspots in proportion to their share of the world's species at risk.
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            A review of the interactions between free-roaming domestic dogs and wildlife

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              Human–Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Biotropica
                Biotropica
                Wiley
                0006-3606
                1744-7429
                January 2022
                December 05 2021
                January 2022
                : 54
                : 1
                : 181-190
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Geography University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
                [2 ] Mad Dog Initiative Akanin’ny Veterinera Akaikiniarivo Antananarivo Madagascar
                [3 ] Department of Health and Exercise Science Appalachian State University Boone North Carolina USA
                [4 ] Department of Anthropology University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
                Article
                10.1111/btp.13049
                81e5fdfa-cc7b-4775-bbc7-5387f1020293
                © 2022

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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