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      Chemical defenses in the tree Ziziphus mistol against the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex striatus Translated title: Defensas químicas en el árbol Ziziphus mistol contra la hormiga cortadora de hojas Acromyrmex striatus

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      Ecología austral
      Asociación Argentina de Ecología

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          Abstract

          Ziziphus mistol Griseb. (Rhamnaceae) trees are avoided by the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex striatus Roger (Formicidae, Attini) in a semi-arid Chaco forest of Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina. In order to find out the chemical fraction responsible of ant rejection, we analyzed putative chemical defenses (tannins, phenolics and saponins) in young and mature leaves of Ziziphus mistol and carried out field bioassays to test both polar and non-polar leaf extracts for ant-repellence. We included into our bioassays two flavonoid compounds, namely quercetin and its glycoside rutin, which are common in Ziziphus mistol leaves, and commercial quebracho tannin. Condensed tannins and total phenols were significantly in higher concentrations in mature than in young leaves. We were unable to detect hydrolyzable tannins on both young and mature leaves. Saponins were only detected in young leaves. The non-polar extract was significantly repellent, whereas the polar extract was not significantly attractive. Tannin, quercetin and rutin did not exhibit significant attractiveness or repellence at the tested concentrations. Our results suggest that some unidentified constituent(s) of the non-polar fraction of the foliar extract, likely of terpenoid nature, accounts for the rejection of the entire Ziziphus mistol leaves by Acromyrmex striatus ants.

          Translated abstract

          Las hojas de Ziziphus mistol Griseb. (Rhamnaceae) no son consumidas por la hormiga cortadora de hojas Acromyrmex striatus Roger (Formicidae, Attini) en un bosque chaqueño semiárido de Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Para determinar cuál es el componente químico responsable de ese comportamiento de las hormigas, se analizaron las defensas químicas putativas (taninos, fenólicos y saponinas) en hojas jóvenes y maduras de Ziziphus mistol y se llevaron a cabo bioensayos a campo en los que se probaron las propiedades repelentes de las fracciones polar y no polar de un extracto foliar. En los bioensayos se incluyeron dos flavonoides presentes en las hojas de Ziziphus mistol, quercetina y su glicósido rutin, y extracto comercial de quebracho colorado, una fuente de taninos. Los niveles de taninos condensados y fenoles totales fueron significativamente mayores en las hojas maduras que en las jóvenes. No se detectaron taninos hidrolizables en ningún tipo de hoja. La presencia de saponinas solo fue registrada en las hojas jóvenes. El extracto clorofórmico (no polar) fue significativamente repelente, mientras que el extracto metanólico (polar) no fue significativamente atractivo. Ni los taninos ni los flavonoides mostraron una atracción o una repelencia significativas a las concentraciones ensayadas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que algún constituyente no identificado de la fracción no polar del extracto foliar, posiblemente de naturaleza terpenoide, daría cuenta del rechazo de las hojas de Ziziphus mistol por la hormiga Acromyrmex striatus.

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          Most cited references58

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          Experimental Evidence for Defense of Inga (Mimosoideae) Saplings by Ants

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            Introduction to ecological biochemistry

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              Leafcutting Ant Diet Selection: The Role of Nutrients, Water, and Secondary Chemistry

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ecoaus
                Ecología austral
                Ecol. austral
                Asociación Argentina de Ecología (Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina )
                1667-782X
                June 2002
                : 12
                : 1
                : 11-18
                Affiliations
                [01] Buenos Aires orgnameCONICET orgdiv1Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos Argentina
                [02] Viedma orgnameUniv. Nac. del Comahue orgdiv1Centro Univ. Zona Atlántica Argentina
                Article
                S1667-782X2002000100003
                81f75073-7c6e-4c75-b802-878808b0d46b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 December 2001
                : 19 December 2001
                : 03 September 2001
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


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