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      Madera de compresión en Pinus radiata III: propiedades de pulpas kraft Translated title: Compression wood in Pinus radiata III: kraft pulp properties

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          Abstract

          Estudios anteriores en estos mismos árboles de Pinus radiata con fustes levemente inclinados, demostraron que la madera de compresión leve que ellos exhibían presentaba: traqueidas más cortas, mayor densidad, mayor proporción de lignina, mayor proporción de extraíbles en etanol tolueno y menor proporción de alfa celulosa que la madera opuesta y que la madera de árboles sin madera de compresión. En el presente estudio se analiza las propiedades pulpables de la madera de compresión y la de sus respectivas maderas opuestas de los quince árboles de Pinus radiata estudiados, crecidos en suelos de arena húmeda en Chile. Se estudió separadamente la madera de compresión y la madera opuesta. Con distintas proporciones, de entre 0, 40, 70 y 100 % de madera de compresión y madera opuesta, se efectuaron pulpajes kraft para cada una de las mezclas. De estos pulpajes con y sin blanqueo se informan valores de 501 kg y 695 kg de densidad; 28 a 51 en índice de tensión, 18 a 25 en índice de rasgado, 2.2 a 4.1 en índice de explosión y rendimiento de 44 a 50.6 en las mezclas de la pulpa estudiada. En la pulpa cruda de MC, de la madera pulpable y de la madera exterior aserrable, se registró menor densidad, mayor índice de tensión, de rasgado y de explosión, en comparación con los resultados obtenidos en la pulpa cruda de MO. En el caso de las pulpas blanqueadas, la densidad y el índice de tensión resultaron mayores en la MC. En el resto de las propiedades las diferencias entre MC y MO fueron oscilantes y reducidas. El aumento de la proporción de MC en la mezcla de MC y MO, produjo una reducción de rendimiento. Los rendimiento de las mezclas de la madera pulpable indicaron para el 100 % de MO un 50.6 % y para el 100% de MC un 44 %: En los casos de las pulpas de madera exterior aserrable el 100% de MO tuvo un rendimiento de de 48.4% en cambio el 100% de la MC registró un 44.3%. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la MC leve, que se encuentra en árboles con inclinaciones menores, tuvo un efecto de menor magnitud que él que se produce en la MC severa sobre las características y rendimiento de la pulpa kraft.

          Translated abstract

          Previous studies with radiata pine trees growing slightly leaned towards one side showed that they have small amounts of compression wood with different characteristics than the opposite wood at the other side of the annual rings. These differences include shorter tracheids, higher density, higher proportion of lining, higher proportion of extractives in toluene ethanol, and a smaller amount of alpha-cellulose. The present study compares the properties of kraft pulp, with and without bleaching, for mixtures of compression and opposite wood obtained from fifteen 22-year-old radiata pine trees that grew in humid sand soils of Chile. The kraft pulp mixture was studied for different proportions of 0, 40, 70 and 100% compression wood. Considering all mixtures with and without bleaching, the study reports values between 501 and 695 kg/m³ density, 28 and 51 tension index, 18 and 25 tear index, 2,2 and 4,1 burst index, and 44% and 50,6% pulp yield. It was found that the pulp without bleaching from compression wood (for both the internal pulp and the external lumber areas) had lower density, but higher tension, tear, and burst indexes. The pulp with bleaching from compression wood had both higher density and tension index, but the other properties only show small random differences with respect to opposite wood. A higher proportion of compression wood in the mixture reduced pulp yield. The yield for the internal pulp area was 50,6 % with pure opposite wood and 44% with pure compression wood, while the yield for external lumber area was 48,4% with pure opposite wood and 44,3% with pure compression wood. I was concluded, however, that the relatively small amount of compression wood found in these trees had only a minor effect in the properties and yield of kraft pulp.

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          Most cited references20

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          Recent progress in the chemistry and topochemistry of compression wood

          T E TIMELL (1982)
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            WITHIN-TREE VARIATION IN ANATOMICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPRESSION WOOD IN RADIATA PINE

            Two trees of radiata pine, one showing severe lean, the other growing almost vertically, were assessed for the presence and anatomical properties of compression wood, including anatomy, lignin distribution, microfibril angle, basic density, radial and tangential lumen diameter and cell wall thickness. Both trees contained significant amounts of compression wood although the severity and amount of compression wood was greater in the leaning tree. Changes in lignin distribution seem to be characteristic of the mildest forms of compression wood with reduced lignification of the middle lamella representing the earliest change observed from normal wood. An increase in microfibril angle was associated with both mild and severe compression wood although examples of severe compression wood with the same or smaller microfibril angles than opposite wood, or with very small microfibril angles, were found. When segregated into mild and severe compression wood the average difference in microfibril angle was 4° and 8° respectively compared with opposite wood. Within-ring distribution of microfibril angle was different in severe compression wood compared to opposite wood with higher angles in the latewood. Severe compression wood showed a 22% increase in basic density compared to mild compression wood and opposite wood. The increased density was accounted for in terms of a 26% increase in tracheid wall thickness throughout the growth ring, offset by a 9% increase in radial lumen diameter, slightly greater in the latewood. There were no significant changes in density or cell dimensions in mild compression wood compared with opposite wood.
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              Chemistry and pulping feasibility of compression wood in black spruce

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                maderas
                Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología
                Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.
                Universidad del Bío-Bío (Concepción, , Chile )
                0718-221X
                November 2012
                : 14
                : 3
                : 275-287
                Affiliations
                [02] Concepción orgnameUniversidad del Bío-Bío orgdiv1Facultad de Ingeniería orgdiv2Departamento de Ingeniería en Maderas Chile ananias@ 123456ubiobio.cl
                [03] Concepción orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Chile lvalenzu@ 123456udec.cl
                [04] Concepción orgnameInger S.A Chile s_rodriguez@ 123456ingerquimica.com
                [01] Valdivia orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile orgdiv1Instituto de Tecnología de Productos Forestales Chile
                Article
                S0718-221X2012000300003 S0718-221X(12)01400300003
                820aeb89-269e-4a92-9466-9f205c7e20a4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 November 2011
                : 06 June 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICULOS

                pulpa cruda,Reaction wood,opposite wood,unbleached pulp,bleached pulp,pulp yield,density,tension index,tear index,burst index,madera de reacción,madera opuesta,pulpa blanqueada,rendimiento de pulpa,densidad,índice de tensión,índice de rasgado,índice de explosión

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