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      Dry eye disease caused by viral infection: review Translated title: Olho seco causado por infecções virais: revisão

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          Abstract

          Dry eye disease and ocular surface disorders may be caused or worsened by viral agents. There are several known and suspected virus associated to ocular surface diseases. The possible pathogenic mechanisms for virus-related dry eye disease are presented herein. This review serves to reinforce the importance of ophthalmologists as one of the healthcare professional able to diagnose a potentially large number of infected patients with high prevalent viral agents.

          Translated abstract

          A síndrome do olho seco e as doenças de superfície ocular podem ser causadas ou agravadas por agentes virais. Diversos vírus são causadores ou tem associação suspeitada com as doenças de superfície ocular. Esta revisão apresenta os possíveis mecanismos patogênicos envolvidos no olho seco causado por infecões virais e reinforça a importância do oftalmologista como um dos profissionais de saúde capazes de diagnosticar um grande número de pacientes infectados por agentes virais altamente prevalentes.

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          Epstein-Barr virus infection.

          J I Cohen (2000)
          Article 0 comments Cited 389 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Herpes simplex virus epidemiology and ocular importance.

            T Liesegang (2000)
            To review the changing epidemiology of herpes simplex disease and correlate it with the epidemiology of ocular herpes simplex disease. A review of pertinent reports in the world literature about the epidemiology of herpes simplex and specifically about ocular herpes simplex. In developed countries, many individuals are reaching adolescence and adulthood without prior herpesvirus infection. Herpes simplex genital infection is increasing at a rapid rate in sexually active adolescents and adults, with about one in six adults now infected in the United States. Similar statistics are confirmatory worldwide in developed countries. Active herpes simplex infection is a risk factor for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus. The Herpetic Eye Disease Study, as well as prior studies from Moorfields Eye Hospital and the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, provides us with the epidemiology of ocular herpes simplex. Recent studies suggest an older age of onset and perhaps overall more severe ocular disease as compared with the older literature. Herpes simplex is a significant health concern at present with genital infections increasing in epidemic proportions. This is also reflected in a rise in the incidence of neonatal herpes. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is being acquired for the first time in an older age group. A significant and increasing proportion of genital herpes is caused by HSV-1. Serologic studies are no longer as useful in distinguishing orofacial herpes from genital herpes. More acute retinal necrosis syndrome cases are associated with HSV-2. Speculation about the future of ocular herpes is made based on this changing epidemiology.
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              An HTLV-I vaccine: why, how, for whom?

              G de The, R. Bomford (1993)
              Endemic infection with the human T cell leukemia/lymphoma viruses I and II (HTLV-I/II) is now recognized to be worldwide, and is becoming epidemic among intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) in the United States and Europe. The number of people around the world infected with HTLV-I can be estimated as between 10 and 20 million (Table 1). HTLV-I causes a rapidly progressing adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and an incurable progressive neuromyelopathy named tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM), as well as a number of less well-studied syndromes. There is evidence that coinfection with HTLV-I or -II accelerates progression to AIDS. The cumulative lifetime risk of developing ATLL or TSP/HAM is around 5%, which, in terms of the induction of serious diseases, places HTLV-I in the same category of viruses for which efficient vaccines are made and used. Furthermore, there are factors favoring the feasibility of a vaccine against HTLV-I, in that the virus displays relatively low antigenic variability, natural immunity occurs in humans, and experimental vaccination with the envelope (Env) antigen is successful in animal models. A vaccine against HTLV-I would be of significant public health value in the fields of oncology, neurology, and AIDS, and it would serve as a pathfinder for a vaccine against HIV.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Monica Alves: Role: ND
                Rodrigo Nogueira Angerami: Role: ND
                Eduardo Melani Rocha: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): abo
                Title: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
                Abbreviated Title: Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.
                Publisher: Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 0004-2749
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-2925
                Publication date (Print and electronic): April 2013
                Volume: 76
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 129-132
                Affiliations
                [02] Campinas SP orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas Brazil
                [01] Ribeirão Preto SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [03] Campinas SP orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0004-27492013000200016
                DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27492013000200016
                PubMed ID: 23828477
                SO-VID: 8210d6ca-b619-4412-8fcc-532aafb605f4
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 16 January 2013
                Date accepted : 31 January 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Keywords: Síndromes do olho seco,Dry eye syndromes,Eye infections, viral,Eye infections,Infecções oculares virais,Infecções oculares
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Síndromes do olho seco, Dry eye syndromes, Eye infections, viral, Eye infections, Infecções oculares virais, Infecções oculares

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